Descriptive Essays - The Good Old Truck :: Descriptive Writing Examples

The Good Old TruckMy pop music bought his red Dodge Dakota truck in 1995. When he got the truck it had already hit a deer and two cows. Since he has owned it, its value has gone down considerably, even though he has washed-out more money fixing it than he paid for it. If it was worth as much money as it has cost to keep it running we could sell it and barter for a new car. It is red with a stripe down one side-- yes, only one side, the other side has no stripe, I have no idea why this is. There is also a huge dent above the right hind wheel that occurred when a horse tried to excite in the back of the truck. The new, improved, revamped bumper is bent slightly down from the deer and other things that it has hit.The back of the truck is mostly full of my dads horse shoeing stuff. It is in no way neat or in any kind of arrangement. There are always empty horseshoe boxes piled to the brim. Underneath the boxes, balls of twine are entangled in old non-usable horseshoes.If you get in side of the truck, you enter a whole different place than the outside world. Notice that I said if you get in what I mean by this is you cant get in through the passenger side unless someone opens it from the inside. The drivers side door doesnt open all of the time, and when it does you cant possibly slam it severe enough to get it to shut all of the way. Most of the time the passenger side is overheaped with trash, mostly empty pop bottles and cans.Inside it usually smells corresponding horses. My dad shoes horses for a living, so the smell is on him and then is transferred to the seats and anything else that he touches. Also, he keeps his apron in the cab of the truck and it definitely smells like horses. Once in a while when I get in, I get a sniff of a mixture of vinegar and dust. The smell of vinegar comes from the homemade fly spray that my dad makes, and the smell of dust is from all of the dirt that is that has gathered in the corners on the dash.Once I finally get past t he aroma of the truck I proceed to turn the key and hope it will start.

Outline from may 31- june 12, 1864 :: essays research papers fc

May 31 - June 12, 1864 In the overland campaign of 1864, Lieutenant habitual Ulysses S. designation with the Army of the Potomac battled General Robert E. Lee and the Army of Federal Virginia for vi weeks across central Virginia. At the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna and Totopotomoy Creek, Lee repeatedly stalled, but failed to stop, passs atomic number 16ward progress toward Richmond. The next logical military objective for Grant was the critical point styled by locals Old Cold Harbor. May 31, 1864 After sparring along the Totopotomoy northeast of Richmond, Grant staged Major General Philip Sheridans horse to give way south and capture the crossroads at Old Cold Harbor. Arriving near the intersection, the amount force ran into Major General Fitzhugh Lees Confederate horsemen. A sharp contention ensued, in brief joined by Confederate infantry under Brigadier General Thomas Clingman of Major General Robert Hokes plane section. After a short battle, amount cavalry drove the Confederates beyond the crossroads. The Rebels then started digging new positions a half-mile to the southwest. June 1, 1864Lee wished to retake Old Cold Harbor and sent Major General Joseph Kershaws division to join Hoke in a morning assault. The effort was short and uncoordinated. Hoke failed to press the advance and Sheridans troopers, armed with Spencer repeating carbines, easily repulsed the assault. Grant, encouraged by this success, ordered up reinforcements and planned his own combat for later the same day. If the Union frontal assault broke through the Confederate defenses, it would place the Union troops amid Lee and Richmond. After a hot and dusty night march, Major General Horatio Wrights VI Corps arrived and relieved Sheridans cavalry, but Grant had to defy the attack Major General William Smiths XVIII Corps, Army of the James, marching in the wrong direction under out-of-date orders, had to retrace its route and arrived late in the afternoon. The Union a ttack finally began at 5 p.m. Finding a fifty yard gap between Hokes and Kershaws divisions, Wrights veterans poured through, capturing part of the Confederate lines. A gray counterplay however, sealed off the break and ended the days fighting. Confederate infantry strengthened their lines that night and waited for the battle to begin next morning. June 2, 1864Disappointed by the failed attack Grant planned another advance for 5 a.m. on June 2. He ordered Major General Winfield Hancocks II Corps to march to the left of the VI Corps. wearied by a brutal night march over narrow, dusty roads, the II Corps did not arrive until 630 a.Outline from may 31- june 12, 1864 essays research papers fc May 31 - June 12, 1864 In the overland campaign of 1864, Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant with the Army of the Potomac battled General Robert E. Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia for six weeks across central Virginia. At the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna and Totopotomoy Creek, Lee repeatedly stalled, but failed to stop, Grants southward progress toward Richmond. The next logical military objective for Grant was the crossroads styled by locals Old Cold Harbor. May 31, 1864 After sparring along the Totopotomoy northeast of Richmond, Grant ordered Major General Philip Sheridans cavalry to move south and capture the crossroads at Old Cold Harbor. Arriving near the intersection, the Union force ran into Major General Fitzhugh Lees Confederate horsemen. A sharp contest ensued, soon joined by Confederate infantry under Brigadier General Thomas Clingman of Major General Robert Hokes division. After a short battle, Union cavalry drove the Confederates beyond the crossroads. The Rebels then started digging new positions a half-mile to the southwest. June 1, 1864Lee wished to retake Old Cold Harbor and sent Major General Joseph Kershaws division to join Hoke in a morning assault. The effort was short and uncoordinated. Hoke failed to press the attack and Sheridans troopers, armed with Spencer repeating carbines, easily repulsed the assault. Grant, encouraged by this success, ordered up reinforcements and planned his own attack for later the same day. If the Union frontal assault broke through the Confederate defenses, it would place the Union army between Lee and Richmond. After a hot and dusty night march, Major General Horatio Wrights VI Corps arrived and relieved Sheridans cavalry, but Grant had to delay the attack Major General William Smiths XVIII Corps, Army of the James, marching in the wrong direction under out-of-date orders, had to retrace its route and arrived late in the afternoon. The Union attack finally began at 5 p.m. Finding a fifty yard gap between Hokes and Kershaws divisions, Wrights veterans poured through, capturing part of the Confederate lines. A southern counterattack however, sealed off the break and ended the days fighting. Confederate infantry strengthened their lines that night and waited for the battle to begin n ext morning. June 2, 1864Disappointed by the failed attack Grant planned another advance for 5 a.m. on June 2. He ordered Major General Winfield Hancocks II Corps to march to the left of the VI Corps. Exhausted by a brutal night march over narrow, dusty roads, the II Corps did not arrive until 630 a.

Software Piracy Essay -- Illegal Computer Software Program Distributio

Software PiracySoftware piracy is the illegal reproduction and distribution of software applications, whether it is for personal use or business. In society today, net profit users are obtaining millions of dollars in software illegally. Piracy includes the illegal copying of programs, counterfeiting and distributing software, and withal sharing a program with a fri rarity. Software has become such an pregnant productivity tool, the illegal copying and distribution of software piracy persists globally. In fact, in the United States is one in four software programs that is unlicensed. According to the course Software Alliance (BSA), more than 800,000 web sites illegally sell or distribute software (Microsoft.com).There are many types of software piracy such as uploading and downloading, softlifting, counterfeiting, OEM bundling, hard disk loading and renting. By having familiarity with them can protect you from any connection. Softlifting is purchasing a licensed copy of softwar e and uploading it on some(prenominal) computers against the license terms. Some examples of softlifting are sharing software with friends, co-workers and others. Uploading and downloading is another form of piracy, such as when making unauthorized copies of copyrighted software available to end users connected by a modem to online service providers and or the Internet. Another one is software counterfeiting which is illegal duplicating and selling copyrighted software and a form intentional to make it appear legitimate. OEM bundling is selling stand alone software that was intended to be bundled with specific accompanying hardware. Hard disk loading is lay unauthorized copies of software onto the hard disks of personal computers, often as an incentive for th... ...t the economic implications of software piracy and software copyrights. Other analysts feel that copyright enforcement should be increased by implementing more efforts to prosecute pirates ( Parsons 165). Survey about Software Piracy Survey questions on Software Piracy YES NO 1. Do you be what software piracy actually is? 15 10 2. Do you know the negative effects of software piracy? 8 12 3. Do you even care about software piracy? 16 9 4. Do you feel that the media discusses the issue of software piracy? 7 13 Works Citedwww.microsoft.comwww.aladdin.com computer Concepts. New Perspectives. June Parsons. Course Technology. 5 Feb 2003.

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee :: To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

To Kill a Movking BirdTolerance Comes into PlayTolerance is a good virtue to own, without it in that location is no way to succeed. To Kill a Mockingbird is a great novel written by Harper Lee. In this book, a great regard of tolerance is shown by Atticus. His tolerance is shown especially in the town, when dealing with his kids and when talking to Aunt Alexandra. The approximation of tolerance is shown by Atticus when he is in the town. numerous of the towns people give Atticus a hard time because he is defending a black in court and he is white. There is a white person against the black yet Atticus is defending the black person, and that is what makes some people give him a hard time. In a credit from the book Your fathers no better than the Nigers and trash he works for, said Mrs. Dubose to Scout. People just like Mrs. Dubose talk behind Atticus and also introduce mean or hateful things about him because he is defending a black. Although they say all this stuff he has enough tolerance and does not competitiveness back nor say mean and/or hateful things towards them. He uses his self-control (tolerance) and lets them talk. He expresses in the book that, people can talk and say provided you do not have to do anything about it. Atticus just lets it pass by him. This is one way he shows tolerance in the book.The theme of tolerance is shown by Atticus, when he is dealing with his kids. His two kids, Scout (girl) and Jem (boy), do get into mischief. And when they do he deals with it calmly and rationally. A quote dealing with this bad-tempered incident were he is talking to Scout is Lets get this clear you do as Calpurnia tells you, you do as I tell you, and as long as your aunts in the house you do as she tells you. Understand? Atticus says this to Scout after she mouthed off at Aunt Alexandra. He calmly and rationally dealt with the item then moved on. He didnt yell, hit, or argue, just simply stated the obvious. He shows a lot of tolerance when dealin g with Scout and her stubborn ways. He does the same with Jem (Jeremy) as well. He treats his kids with respect as if they were adults. He does hot argue he says what he wants and if there is a conflict he walks extraneous from it.

Global Warming Essay -- Environment, Climate Change

How much global warming we are going to see from extra CO2 depends on how sensitive the climate system is. David C Frank, Jan Esper, Christoph C Raible, Ulf Bntgen, Valerie Trouet and Benjamin Stocker have published a study to improve the estimations of the carbon cycle aesthesia to climate and climate projections for the future. The carbon cycle sensitivity-which is important for global warming projections-to climate is the subjoin or decrease of atmospheric CO2 concentrations which lead to an increase or decrease in temperature6. As we can observe from different estimations, the increase or decrease of carbon concentrations in the atmosphere have changed during the bygone millennium6.There were certain blockages where the temperatures were low (Little Ice Age) and other periods where the temperatures were higher (Medieval Warm Period)6. The present geologic period is the Holocene which began approximately 10000 years ago4. Even though the geological period is the same since mor e than 10000 years ago, many climatic variations have occurred. For example, the Little Ice Age is the period between 16th light speed and 19th century, being 1601-1630 the coldest of the past millennium6.In the opposite side we find that the warmest pre-instrumental period was during the Medieval Warm Period, and more precisely, between the years 1071-11006. Moreover the warmest instrumental period (with records back to 1850) was the period 1971-20006.There are many factors that influence the climate variability. These factors can be classified as internal or international to the climate system. Examples of external influence are anthropogenic activities and natural influences (e.g. volcanic activity) 11. Anthropogenic influence on CO2 variations in pre-industr... ...g Group I to the Third Assessment taradiddle of the Intergovernmental gameboard on Climate qualifying Houghton, J.T., et al. (eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, p p. 349416.15. Raupach, Michael R & Canadell, Josep G, 2010 Carbon and the Anthrpocene. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. 2 210-218.16. Raupach, Michael R, Canadell, Josep G, Le Qur, Corinne. Anthropogenic and biophysical contributions to increasing atmospheric CO2 growth rate and airborne fraction. Biogeosciences 5 1601-1613 (2008).17. Richard Alley et al., 2007 Climate Change 2007 The Physical Science Basis. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 10th Session of Working Group I of the IPCC, Paris, February 2007.18. Ruddiman W F (2003). The anthropogenic greenhouse era began thousands of years ago. Climatic Change 61 261293.

Global Warming Essay -- Environment, Climate Change

How much global warming we are going to see from extra CO2 depends on how sensitive the climate system is. David C Frank, Jan Esper, Christoph C Raible, Ulf Bntgen, Valerie Trouet and Benjamin Stocker have published a study to improve the estimations of the carbon rung sensitivity to climate and climate projections for the future. The carbon cycle sensitivity-which is important for global warming projections-to climate is the increase or decrease of atmospheric CO2 concentrations which lead to an increase or decrease in temperature6. As we can observe from different estimations, the increase or decrease of carbon concentrations in the atmosphere have changed during the past millennium6.There were certain periods where the temperatures were low (Little Ice Age) and separate periods where the temperatures were higher (Medieval Warm Period)6. The present geological period is the Holocene which began approximately ten thousand years ago4. Even though the geological period is the same since more than 10000 years ago, umpteen climatic variations have occurred. For example, the Little Ice Age is the period between 16th century and 19th century, being 1601-1630 the coldest of the past millennium6.In the resister side we find that the warmest pre-instrumental period was during the Medieval Warm Period, and more precisely, between the years 1071-11006. Moreover the warmest instrumental period (with records back to 1850) was the period 1971-20006.There are many factors that influence the climate variability. These factors can be classified as internal or external to the climate system. Examples of external influence are anthropogenic activities and indwelling influences (e.g. volcanic activity) 11. Anthropogenic influence on CO2 variations in pre-industr... ...g Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change over Houghton, J.T., et al. (eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp . 349416.15. Raupach, Michael R & Canadell, Josep G, 2010 Carbon and the Anthrpocene. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. 2 210-218.16. Raupach, Michael R, Canadell, Josep G, Le Qur, Corinne. Anthropogenic and biophysical contributions to increasing atmospheric CO2 growth rate and airborne fraction. Biogeosciences 5 1601-1613 (2008).17. Richard Alley et al., 2007 Climate Change 2007 The Physical Science Basis. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 10th sitting of Working Group I of the IPCC, Paris, February 2007.18. Ruddiman W F (2003). The anthropogenic greenhouse era began thousands of years ago. Climatic Change 61 261293.

Basic Health Care Language Essay

In the space provided, write each endpoints definition as used in health care. You must define the term in your ingest words do not simply copy the definition from a textbook. In the space provided after each terms definition, provide a sentence that illustrates the importance of the skill, concept, procedure, organization, or tool to which the term refers. In your explanation, you may wish to consider the followingHow has it influenced health care?why is it important to understand the appropriate application of the term or concept?Save the completed worksheet as a Microsoft Word document with your name in the file name. Submit the file to your facilitator.Note. You must define 10 basic health care terms in this worksheet. Therefore, in addition to the terms provided for you below, close the additional spaces on the worksheet with terms from your reading or discussion you were not previously familiar with and had to research.Submitted by Type your name here.TermDefinition in your own wordsUse the term in a sentence as it applies to the health care industry. Treatment

Why Nuclear Power Is Needed Environmental Sciences Essay

IntroductionThe skim offtary plus in industrialisation and demand for efficiency coevals collect to the spread outing population and change magnitude trust on electrical tools, equipment and contraptions has placed intensifying degrees of strain on the systems which provide this electrical efficacy. In add-on, as developing states easy adapt to the industry-based economic systems of the last of the universe, the demand for safe, economical zip coevals becomes even giganticer as the tendency spreads around the Earth.This force out be distinctly demonstrated in southerly Africa, where electricity demand is also turning quickly. Harmonizing to Statistics South Africa ( 2010 ) the volume of electricity con matched in April 2010 increased by 6.6 per centum comp nuclear number 18d with April 2009 and ingestion for the first four months of 2010 by all states increased by 9.4 per centum comp nuclear number 18d with the first four months of 2009.Further more than, the US no thing Information Administration ( EIA ) ( 2010a ) predicts that universe cyberspace electricity coevals for b separate increase by 87 per centum, from 18.8 trillion ki crushedatt-hours in 2007 to 25.0 trillion kilowatt-hours in 2020 and 35.2 trillion kilowatt-hours in 2035.Harmonizing to the EIA s International Energy Out live to it 2010 ( IEO 2010a ) the world-wide escalation in slide fastener pecuniary set from 2003 to 2008, accompanied by concerns about the damaging effects of greenho riding habit gas emanations, has led to re unuseded involvement in options to fossil go offs and peculiarly, instalmentic situation. Therefore, with authorities house and higher(prenominal) fuel monetary cheers, the chances of large-scale nuclear effect transition is going progressively party favorable.Presently, 48.9 % of author coevals comes from blacken, 20.3 % nuclear, 6.3 % Hydroelectric Conventional, 20.5 % natural gas, 1 % double-dyed(a) oil and 3.7 % assorted other beginnin gs ( Energy Information Administration 2010b ) . How incessantly, the EIA predicts that electricity coevals from atomic power impart increase from about 2.6 trillion kilowatt-hours in 2007 to a projected 3.6 trillion kilowatt-hours in 2020 and so to 4.5 trillion kilowatt-hours in 2035 due to atomic power going more economically executable as monetary values for fossil fuels rise.Further grounds for atomic coevals pulling new involvement around the universe include states seeking form of their brawniness supplies, bettering push button guarantor, and supplying a low-carbon option to fossil fuels. However, with these positive stairss to eventual atomic version frequently uncertainness domiciliate still be tack associated with this contour of power coevals.Some of these issues include plant asylum, radioactive be adrift governing body, lifting building cost and investing dissemble, and atomic stuff proliferation concerns and they could model immense hazards for halterin g the enlargement and execution of atomic power in the hereafter.In a say refering the support for atomic power among the populace in 1999, the Sustainable Energy Coalition ( 1999 ) reported that 59.8 % of those surveyed were opposed to the United Stated of America constructing more atomic power plants, 43.3 % voted for the United States to phase out its atomic power workss by 2020 and the some(prenominal) supported type of power works was renewable zipper ( dwelling 61.5 % of the ballots ) .However, despite this, recent support for atomic power has been lots greater. The IEO 2010 cl previous(predicate) reflects this tendency in that there has been an addition of 9 % in the proportional part of atomic power expected by 2030 from 2009 s IEO. In add-on, harmonizing to a study conducted in 2010 by Jones ( 2010 ) of Gallup, which provides data-driven intelligence based on US and universe polls, 62 % of those US citizens surveyed supported atomic power, with 28 % demoing strong fa vour of the adaptation.In consideration of the in a higher place positions, this study aims to find whether atomic power is a executable option to conventional signifiers of energy coevals, and whether using it for future electricity business will be more efficient and in twist offer greater benefits in the long full term, based on cost, energy employment major power, safety and macerate produced, than trusting on the contemporary beginnings.Hypothesis It is expected that the use of atomic power all over conventional energy beginnings will present great benefits for all gentle communities and offer a in reality executable option to these beginnings, by means of supplying a cheaper, more dependable, more sustainable cleansing mover and safer signifier of electricity coevals.How atomic power plantsFuelAThe fuel used in atomic power Stationss, Uranium, invariably undergoes self-generated fission at a really slow rate ensuing in the component breathing beam of light. Due to the fact that these power displace generate energy by dint of the method of buzz off forth fission, this stuff is highly suited for the undertaking.Uranium is an component commonly nominate on Earth, and to boot, the Uranium-238 ( U-238 ) atom has an highly long half life of 4.5 billion white-haired ages ( Brain and Lambert 2000 )This therefore means that big measures of the atom atomic number 18 still present in the land. Uranium on Earth comprises 99 per centum U-238 and 0.7 per centum uracil-235 ( U-235 ) ( some(prenominal) happening of course ) , and the staying measure includes the far r arr Uranium-234 which is formed by the decay of U-238. ( Brain and Lambert 2000 )The ability of U-235 to crumble of course consequences in it being a suited fuel for both atomic power workss and atomic bombs. The U-238 anyways decays like U-235, by the cognitive operation of alpha radiation.This procedure involves the atom let go ofing an alpha atom, or two neutrons and two pro oodles bound together. In add-on, U-235 besides undergoes self-generated fission in certain instances and furthermore it is besides one of the wakelessly a(prenominal) substances that can undergo induced fission. Here, a free neutron collides with a U-235 cell nucleus, which by and by absorbs it, becomes unstable and splits.AThe chance of this occurring is comparatively high and during atomic energy production, the elision of one neutron consequences in extra fission taking topographic drive in a concatenation reaction.The karyon which has captured the neutron so splits into two lighter atoms and releases any two or three new neutrons depending on the how the U-235 atom was split.This decay of a individual U-235 consequences in the coevals of about 200 MeV ( billion negatron Vs ) , which although non being a importantly great sum entirely, the tremendous measure of atoms in even 1 kg of U, consequence in monolithic energy out commits when matchd to other fuel beginnings. ( Brain and Lambert 2000 )ADuring the procedure, great sums of heat and gamma radiation, composed of high-energy photons, is released. In add-on, the two atom merchandises of fission will let go of beta radiation, high velocity negatrons, and gamma radiation their ain gamma radiation. The energy released is derived from the fact that the merchandises produced weigh much less than the reactants and accordingly, this sum of weight is converted straight to energy harmonizing to the equation, E = mc2.Power Stationss, nevertheless, require enriched U to sour forth power, which contain more U-235, and hence costs will h previous(a) to be incurred in guaranting natural stuffs are suited for these Stationss.The power stationThe some indispensable intent of atomic power Stationss is to command the energy released during atomic fission, leting it to heat pee into steam to, in bend, produce electrical energy.The U fuel beginning is normally found in 2.5-cm-long pellets ( nuclear Energy bri ng 2010 ) , and arranged into long rods, which are collected together in groups called packages. Inside a force per unit area vas, these packages are submerged in H2O which acts as a coolant for the rods. Power will barely be generated once the packages are supercritical. This means that, on norm, more than one of the free neutrons hits another U-235 atom to let go of energy.In add-on, this U is unstable and could easy overheat and run if non controlled.To forestall this, objects called control rods composed of neutron absorbing stuff much(prenominal) as Ag, In and Cd, are inserted into the uranium package with equipment that allow them to be raised or discredited.This mechanism of the rods being raised or lowered provide operators with the ability to command the rate of the atomic reaction. The control rods are raised out of the U when more heat is required, ensuing in less soaking up of neutrons, and lowered to make less heat. In the instance of closing down the reactor during an accident or fuel alteration, the rods are wholly lowered into the uranium package.The U bundle maps as the high-energy heat beginning required to turn the H2O in the steam generator into steam. This steam drives a turbine, which in bend spins a generator to bring forth power.Some atomic power workss include a secondary, intermediate heat money changer through which the reactor steam moves, to change over another measure of H2O to steam, which would so drive the turbine. This system poses important advantages in that the steam neer comes into run into with the turbine. Further reactors besides utilize gas ( C dioxide ) or liquid metal ( Na, K ) as coolant fluid which is brought into affect with the reactor nucleus and later these designs allow the reactor to run at higher temperatures more safely.On the exterior of the power station, a concrete line drive is normally found to house the reactor s force per unit area vas and to boot it acts as a radiation shield. However, the lin e drive itself is found with a larger steel containment vas which contains the reactor nucleus, and besides the equipment used for refueling and care of the reactor. This vas besides acts as a barrier, forestalling escape of any radioactive gases or fluids from the power station.The concluding outer bed is a concrete building which protects the steel containment vas. Harmonizing to Brain and Lambert ( 2000 ) this concrete construction is satisfactory to protect the reactor against great sums of break including natural catastrophes and terrorist onslaughts. In add-on, these secondary containment constructions besides provide farther support in forestalling the flight of radiation and radioactive steam released during accidents. In the instance of the Chernobyl catastrophe, the need of this secondary containment construction ( as was characteristic of old Russian atomic workss ) , allowed radioactive stuff to get away into the surrounding surround harmonizing to Brain and Lambert ( 2000 ) . This position farther supports the statement for hapless atomic power station designs being the cause of just about atomic catastrophes in the past, as will be discussed more extensively under the subject of safety .Linked to this thought is the control room. Here workers can supervise the atomic reactor and during the instance of accidents, if processs are powerful followed, immediate action taken can forestall much of the practical jeopardies that could follow. nuclear installations besides normally feature security margins and forces that managed and modulate the safe handling of sensitive stuffs.CostIn South Africa, coal power has dominated electricity coevals for some(prenominal) another(prenominal) decennaries. This is mostly because the great copiousnesss of coal in the state, and big graduated table excavation of these militias, digest resulted in the procedure going cheaper as all of the systems required are already established. Consequently, South Afr ica has become the 5th largest coal bring forthing state in the universe, bring forthing 77 % of electricity from coal beginnings in what ESKOM ( 2010 ) refers to as the most cost-efficient and energy efficient manner of bring forthing electricity.Much of the deficiency of support for version of atomic power stems from the big start-up costs involved in constructed of suited atomic power workss. This can be clearly seen in comparing the current costs of atomic and coal Stationss being built. Harmonizing to Content ( 2008 ) a coal station to be built in Wisconsin in the United States of America in 2008 cost $ 1.1 billion, this even after a important addition had already taken topographic point due to lift in stuff costs, from a projected $ 850 million. On the other manus, in the same twelvemonth, harmonizing to Romm ( 2008 ) , Duke Energy, a gas and electricity services company in Ohio, reported that it would be $ 6 billion to $ 8 billion for building of a atomic works in Carolina an d in add-on, a $ 14 billion power works was reported by Romm ( 2008 ) to be constructed in Florida by Progress Energy.The costs of the comparative fuel merchandises besides differ well, nevertheless as will be seen, the sums of these fuels required by the several power Stationss and the energy proceeds evidently besides plays a great function in finding the cost efficiency of the procedure. One ton of natural coal in 2010 costs about $ 85.00 ( antiaircraft gun 2010 ) and harmonizing to the World Nuclear Association ( 2010a ) , one kg of Uranium costs $ 115.00. Both coal and uranium demand to be refined, nevertheless, in order to be suited to be used in power Stationss. The coal is washed with a H2O or chemical bath to take some drosss and at the power works, pulverized to a heavy pulverization before being burned, on the other manus the Uranium needs to undergo transition, enrichment and fuel fiction. Therefore, although the quick cost for fuel as a whole will be somewhat differ ent, comparatively the costs would be similar to those of the natural merchandises.However, although it may look that coal Stationss pose important economic advantages over atomic options, this is really non the instance at all. Harmonizing to European Nuclear Society ( n.d ) 1 kg uranium-235 corresponds to 2.7 million kilograms coal equivalent, intending that in the long term, one time capital costs abide been covered, the atomic power Stationss would be far more cost efficient to be run for electricity coevals. Additional, this besides highlights the fact that while additions in fuel monetary values could hold major moves of coal- and most other fuel intensive power sources- the effects on atomic Stationss would be minimum. This is clearly demonstrated in research by the World Nuclear Association ( 2010a ) presented in figure 1.Obviously, as clip progresses, progresss in atomic power engineerings result in cheaper and more efficient refinement, disposal and building on these Sta tionss. However, even with the current costs, it is clear that over clip, one time the installation has been established, runing costs will quickly worsen as low cost fuel cost outweighs the direct expenses for installing and building.Similarly, in 2008 research presented by the Brattle Group ( 2008 ) , in the Conneticut Integrated Resource Plan ( summarized in table 2 ) , found that although long capital cost of atomic power Stationss was about dual that of coal options ( 4038 $ /kW compared to 2214 $ /kW ) , the eventual cost of electricity was still somewhat lower ( 8.35 c/kWh to 8.65 c/kWh ) .This research is supported by extra findings from the CEZ Group ( 2008 ) which further establishes the tendency for cheaper long term power coevals by atomic beginnings based on costs of electricity coevals by a new power station in the Czech Republic ( table 3 ) .The grounds from these beginnings clearly suggest that there are important benefits to using or change overing to atomic power . Obviously, developing states particularly will be put off by the big start up costs and the entreaty of merely fall backing to fossil fuel-based electricity coevals due to the low petty term costs. In order for states to be more energy efficient and sustainable in the hereafter, nevertheless, it may be indispensable for them to change over to atomic power even though many concourse are still unsure about the dependability of this beginning of electricity.Energy production and handinessThe comparative energy content of the different fuels used for electricity coevals is highly of import in measuring the efficiency of the fuel as a beginning for long dependable power. Coal, which is used for energy coevals in the bulk of power Stationss, is a fossil fuel and hence as it is produced organically over many 1000000s of old ages there is a hazard that overuse could finally wash up the universe s militias of coal. This concern is heightened by the fact that coal is has a far lower ener gy tightfistedness than other fuel beginnings.Harmonizing to Howden ( 2007 ) there are still an estimated 909 billion deliberate tons of coal militias worldwide, and these will be sufficient to move as beginnings of electricity coevals for at least 155 old ages. However, the environmental impact of this burning, and hence the subsequent release of nursery gases, should non be forgotten- in add-on, the existent necessity of set uping systems to guarantee that the universe is suited to get bying with demands for energy production, one time this period elapses, is besides indispensable.On the other manus, harmonizing to the OCED Nuclear Energy say-so ( 2007 ) , there are still 5,469,000 metric tons of Uranium in the universe as of 2007 and accordingly, in gross radiation of the comparative use of fuel in atomic compared to char power Stationss as stated above, this means that they would be able to provide energy for far longer than at once utilised dodo fuels.The World Nuclear Ass ociation ( 2001 ) studies that both uranium and coal are exact a 33 % thermic efficiency when used for power coevals, although their energy densenesss differ significantly. A 1 million kilowatt power station is reported to necessitate a supply of about 3.1 million tones of coal each twelvemonth, whereas the atomic option would be 24 tones of U ( as UO2 ) which has been enriched to U-235. However, both these methods still require elongate excavation and extraction in order for the fuel to be suited for usage. The comparative heat value given by the assorted fuel beginnings are stated in table 4 below, harmonizing to the values provided by the World Nuclear Association ( 2001 ) .Table 4 Table demoing the comparative heat value given by assorted fuels, World Nuclear Association ( 2001 )In add-on, the find of atomic optical fusion has offered great possibilities for sustainable atomic energy production in the hereafter. Nuclear optical fusion differs from the normally used fission. In fission the karyon of an atom splits into lighter karyon, frequently bring forthing free neutrons and protons ( in the signifier of gamma beams ) and let go ofing energy. jointure power involves the coevals of power through blending two light atomic karyon together to point a heavier karyon and in the procedure let go ofing big sums of energy. Significant benefits of merger have already been found, and harmonizing to Ongena and Van Oost ( n.d ) in the Energy for afterlife Centuries Report this method poses great advantages over atomic fission including the sustainability of the fuel beginning used and the energy content of this fuel beginning. Harmonizing to the study the procedure normally involves the usage of heavy enthalpy, an isotope of H, as fuel and besides potentially lithium, the world-wide militias of which are reported to be able to last 3000 old ages. In add-on the study states that Li from sea H2O would last 60 million old ages, and a more complicated merger pro cedure utilizing merely heavy hydrogen from sea H2O would supply fuel for 150 billion old ages and to boot supply three to four times every bit much energy output.SafetyNuclear power accidents are frequently so extensively covered by the media that doubts refering the safety of these systems have evidently been instilled in public perceptual experience. Consequently, this has in bend resulted in great apprehensiveness refering the building of new atomic workss.Harmonizing to Carbon ( 2003 ) the negative effects sing the use of atomic power to bring forth electricity is greatly misunderstood. He suggests that the current mentality airss big concerns sing that this could forestall farther growing of atomic power, without which it could be really hard to run into the clean-air ends established in the Kyoto protocol that are indispensable for a sustainable hereafter environment.The primary concern amongst most people involves the dependability of the atomic power station itself. Despit e popular belief, nevertheless, the safety record of atomic power workss is highly high as will be demonstrated, and the two most well-known atomic catastrophes likely include the power station accidents at Chernobyl and Three Mile Islands.The Three Mile Island atomic catastrophe was caused by a nucleus meltdown of the pressurized H2O reactor. The catastrophe began when the H2O pumps that supplied the steam generators of the works all of a sudden stopped, and because the deficiency of steam was detected by the works s safety system, the turbine powering the generator was instantly shut off.This caused force per unit area to construct in the atomic reactor of the works, and the nucleus well heated up until at least half of it had melted. The works was sing jobs because of a deficiency of coolant that, harmonizing to Lowitz and Black ( 2007 ) , if supplied right and in conformity with the safety processs prescribed, would hold controlled the overheating. fortuitously the catastrophe, nevertheless, resulted in no deceases and merely negligible injury to gracious wellness and the environment. The mean sum of radiation experienced by people populating within 10 stat mis of the works was reported to be simply eight millirem, approximately equal to a chest X ray ( American Nuclear Society n.d )The Chernobyl catastrophe, on the other manus, was far more risky. It was caused by a everyday closure at the Chernobyl station which was designed to prove the ability of the works in working at low power. This in bend led to the reactor going unstable as the flow of chilling H2O slowed and the state of affairs was worse as the works was unable to turn itself off due to disability of the automatic shutoff. After an unsuccessful effort by a worker to manually disenable the reactor, a power rush resulted alternatively, which blew the screen home base of the reactor off and showered the country in radioactive stuff and particulate affair.Subsequently, center of attention bl ack lead caught fire and burned for a period of nine yearss, during which huge sums of radiation was released into the ambiance. The effects were far making, even widening into different states, and immediate emptying was necessary. Still, even with the rapid response the firemans and assorted workers on the site suffered utmost radiation effects.The accident destroyed the Chernobyl 4 reactor ( due to the deficiency of a containment construction ) , killed 30 operators and firemen within three months and caused several farther deceases subsequently on ( World health Organization 2006 ) . Additionally, three people died on site from detonation and Burnss and acute radiation syndrome ( ARS ) was confirmed in 134 people who had been involved with the clean-up on-site, of which 28 finally died within a few hebdomads of the accident. ( World Health Organization 2006 )Many beginnings, including the Moore ( 2006 ) and Carbon ( 2003 ) , nevertheless province that the specific design of the Chernobyl works and subsequent behavior of forces straight resulted in this catastrophe. Harmonizing to Moore ( 2006 ) the Chernobyl station consisted of an early theoretical account of Soviet reactor which had no containment vas rendering it highly undependable. He states that harmonizing to a U.N. Chernobyl Forum study in 2005, merely 56 deceases could be straight attributed to the accident, which largely included radiation or Burnss suffered while contending the fire. Furthermore, harmonizing to the Associated Press ( 2005 ) the U.N. study provinces that the largest wellness concern posed by the accident was the mental impact rendered from the deficiency of accurate information on the accident s effects.However, to measure the safety of coal as fuel beginning, one would besides necessitate to see the safety of the procedure of mining the natural resources. Moore ( 2006 ) studies that where 5,000 coal-mining deceases occur worldwide every twelvemonth no 1 has died in a radiation -related accident in the register of the U.S. civilian atomic reactor plan. In add-on, because such great measures of coal are required, the procedure of managing and transporting the coal to the power Stationss themselves increases the clip workers are in contact with coal. The all right dust released from these this coal besides poses big wellness hazards. These include emphysema ( the 4th taking cause of decease in the US ) , chronic bronchitis and silicosis- all of which pose important wellness hazards and the possible hazards of which are directed wedged by long term coal exposure ( Swartout-Corbeil 2006 )The safety of U excavation has besides undergone important betterments due to strict ordinance and control ( Finch 2006 ) and where 100s of uranium mine workers died from radiation exposure subway in the early old ages of the industry, the job has now been corrected.The safety of atomic power coevals can farther be demonstrated by research conducted by Ball, et al. , ( 2001 ) which compare the occupational accident statistics of US and UK atomic reactors to those of coal-burning power coevals over the last 40 old ages ( table 5 ) . These figures clearly demonstrate that atomic power is a clearly safer agencies of bring forthing electricity, chiefly due to the great sum of excavation and conveyance involved, and hence the associated hazards of these activities, in providing coal to a power station.However, despite this, extra concerns have been established sing the terrorist onslaughts utilizing substances held at atomic reactors, which realistically, could present a great menace to human populations if used as a arm. Nuclear power workss are designed to defy utmost events such as hurricanes, twisters and temblors, but non needfully impacts by big aeroplanes such airliners- or bombs.Harmonizing to the Nuclear Control Institute ( NCI ) ( 2005 ) a direct, high-velocity hit such as that which would be caused by an aeroplane could hold a high possibility of perforating the containment edifice of a power reactor and that, later, this could take to the release of important measures of radiation into the environment- potentially taking to widespread malignant neoplastic disease deceases.However, the Center for demurrer Information ( 2003 ) reported that a 1988 trial conducted by Chapin, et al. , ( 1998 ) in which an remote-controlled aeroplane was flown at about 772 kilometers per hours into a 3.5m thick concrete wall, found that upon impact, the plane would be destroyed, whereas the construction would merely pierced by a twosome of inches. This is supported by Moore ( 2006 ) who reports that the six-feet midst reinforced concrete containment vas would protect the upcountry contents of the reactor from tearing upon hit with a high velocity plane, or similar beginning of perturbation.In add-on, harmonizing to Behrens and Holt ( 2005 ) the protection of atomic power workss from ground-level assaults and figure terrorist activities, has become a heightened national precedence since September 11 onslaughts. They province that the Nuclear Regulatory Commission ( NRC ) has increased its ordinances on atomic reactor security and assorted measures refering atomic reactor security steps and demands were implemented after the 9/11 onslaughts. Other attacks taken include exigency response activities, counsel on containment of radioactive stuffs and extra regulative and legislative proposals.Linked to this is the menace on atomic arms being derived from atomic fuel. This poses the most serious hazard as it is the most hard issue to turn to. However, recent ordinances and security steps promise to battle this menace and, as with most other human development, there will evidently ever be a possibility of powerful engineering being utilized for illegal intents. Yet, it would be highly short sighted for this one issue to be used as a ground for censoring a engineering which would offer populations important advantages over pre sently utilised procedures.When looking at the hazards associated with other signifiers of electricity, the menaces involved are merely as important. Harmonizing to Carbon ( n.d ) a decease count of every bit much as 15,000 was reported due to dam failure in India in 1979, to boot the Natural Resources Defense Council ( n.d ) has estimated, utilizing surveies conducted by the Harvard School of Public Health, that about 64,000 ill-timed deceases consequence in American metropolitan countries due to particulate affair released into the ambiance from the combustion of fossil fuels, ensuing in human deaths of about 100,000 people per twelvemonth for the full state. Of the causes coal-burning power workss were listed as the primary subscribers, ensuing in about tierce of these deceases ( 33,000 per twelvemonth ) due to electricity works discharges. However, since atomic workss drive no particulate affair, the execution of these system could potentially salvage many lives in the hereaft er.WasteNuclear turn back is the radioactive pay off that consequences from atomic reactors, and is divided into low, medium, and high-ranking waste by the sum of radiation the waste produces. The chief beginning of atomic waste is the of course happening radioactive stuffs ( NORM ) . In fact, all substances are somewhat radioactive from the decay of of course happening isotopes such as carbon-14, potassium-40, uranium-238 and thorium-232. However, atomic waste formed from NORM are non radioactive in most instances, even though they could bring forth unsafe degrees of radioactive gases.Human-built atomic reactors is the other chief beginning of planetary atomic waste. When an atom undergoes fission, the two pieces of the karyon may besides be radioactive, and take 1000s of old ages to disintegrate ( they are later known as fission merchandises ) . In add-on, other beginnings of atomic waste include the genteelness of new atomic fuel from U ( where already used fuel is reprocessed into new fission stuff ) , neutron activation of stuffs in the reactor ( where neutron radiation induces radiation in other stuffs, when the atomic nuclei gaining control free neutrons and go heavier and enter aroused provinces ) and besides from the remnant depleted U from the enrichment procedure.The atomic fuel package ( groups of rods dwelling of the uranium fuel beginning ) still contains much of the original U after being removed from the reactor, and this U does non fission easy. In add-on, assorted together with the U are transuranic elements every bit good as fission merchandises. Transuranic elemets are unstable elements with atomic Numberss greater than 92 that easy decay radioactively into other elements. They are formed from the neutrons responding with the U. It is finally through the procedure of atomic reprocessing that the mixture is separated through later screening the chemicals inside the used fuel.Due to the big deflections in the measures of fuel used in the a tomic and coal power Stationss, the waste output after the electricity has been generated is besides significantly different.In a 1000 MWw atomic reactor the about 27 metric tons taken from it each twelvemonth is extremely radioactive and gives off a batch of heat. A big part of this can be reprocessed and finally 97 % of the 27 metric tons is recycled. The staying 3 % , which equates to about 700 kilograms, is potentially risky, high-ranking radioactive waste and later has to be isolated from the environment for a really long clip. However, due to the little measure produced, it is comparatively easy to be controlled and disposed of in most instances. ( World Nuclear Association 2001 ) This involves chiefly three processs1. Deep oceanic disposal Here containers made of borosilicate glass, a type of glass made from silicon oxide and B oxide which is accordingly opposition to sudden alterations in temperature ( temperature dazes ) , are alter up with atomic waste. The glass prevent s any atomic radiation from leaking out and is to boot enclosed in another water-tight metal container before being dumped into the ocean. If decently manintaned these containers should be leak-proof, despite guess there is a guess that little hints of radiation is still able to get away from these containers.2. Deep geological burial This method uses containers similar to those in deep ocean disposal system but, in this instance, they are buried deep resistance, off from populated countries.Here, the disposal of the waste depends on the construct of natural decay of the radioactive stuff in order to be successful. By burying the stuff the intent is to let it to disintegrate to a safe degree of radiation, which will of course be determined by the half life of that substance.3. Nuclear waste recycling This is a new is a new waste disposal method where chemical procedures will be used to divide U, Pu and other fission merchandises into different watercourses utilizing chemical proce dures and later allows the merchandises to be re-used or disposed of more easy.These procedures are to a great extent regulated by world-wide authoritiess and should, if conducted decently, non ensue in any possible hazards for the environment or human wellness. Again it can be seen, as with the safety of power Stationss, that atomic power merely becomes a menace if the priggish protocols and already established safety processs are non followed right due to human mistake.In a 1,000 MWe coal-burning power station, nevertheless, about 7 million metric tons of C dioxide is produced each twelvemonth, with an extra 200,000 metric tons of reciprocal ohm dioxide- both of which are a major beginning of atmospheric contaminant. In add-on other waste merchandises are besides produced from the combustion of coal, including every bit much as 200,000 metric tons of fly ash ( which contains assorted toxic metals ) , carcinogens and mutagens ( substances that can do malignant neoplastic disease or lead to familial alterations ) every bit good as natural radioactive substances ( World Nuclear Association 2001 ) . In fact, harmonizing to a study on Scientific American online by Hvistendahl ( 2007 ) the fly ash carries 100 times more radiation into the environing environment than a atomic power works bring forthing the same sum of energy and the estimated radiation doses of people populating advance the coal workss investigated were equal to or higher than doses for people populating around the atomic installations.A study by the Clean Air Task Force ( 2001 ) has found that all right atom pollution from U.S. power workss consequences in the decease of over 30,000 people each twelvemonth, and about two-thirds ( over 18,000 ) of these deceases could be prevented if sulfur dioxide and N oxide pollution are reduced by at least 75 per centum below 1997 emanation levels- a undertaking greatly likely with the use of atomic power.These changeless waste modus operandis can present important environmental and wellness menaces even great distances from the power station, if action is non instantly taken in cut downing the emanations. A few such effects include acerb rain caused by the release of S dioxide, which could ensue harvest decease and depletion of micro-organisms in dirt as the H2O seeps resistance in add-on to the release of unsafe chemicals which have been stored in substances in the dirt and can respond with the acid. Global heating could besides result- where nursery gases from industries abide to greater volumes of heat being trapped by the ambiance, altering clime forms and hence besides impacting the migration of disease transporting beings, forestalling harvest growing and ensuing in biodiversity and ecosystem services loss which would be one million millions of Rand to provide manually.Any method of bring forthing electricity would affect at least some agreeable of waste merchandise. The lone ground why atomic waste causes so much argument is that it is the lone method of energy production where the procedure of waste disposal can is done manually and the costs are met by the power manufacturer themselves- unlike coal workss which merely emit wastes into the air. Harmonizing to the World Nuclear Association ( 2001 ) the atomic power presently prevents an extra 2.4 billion metric tons of C dioxide emanations from being released each twelvemonth.A Safer AlternativeNuclear mergerAs already discussed the construct of atomic merger would besides present great advantages over current methods of power coevals from atomic beginnings. This merger of light atoms into 1s with heavier karyon, which releases big sums of energy was first theorized by Hans A. Bethe of Germany in 1939 ( Nuclear Age Peace Foundation 2010 ) who suggested that much of the Sun and others stars energy semens are derived from the merger of four H karyon, into a individual He karyon.Fusion is hard to accomplish, nevertheless, because of the C barrier. This is a type of energy barrier caused from the force that two karyons need to get the better of so they can acquire near adequate to each other to transport out atomic merger. The job is that the most suited merger fuels normally have the lowest C barriers, and are hence are the least stable. These include isotopes of hydrogen-deuterium ( 2H ) and tritium ( 3H ) . Consequently, scientists today are unable to make and incorporate a merger reaction to utilize as energy, and the originative activity of uncontained reactions would ensue in H bombs, which are highly unsafe to all human life.However one time engineering progresss to a point where containment and use of the energy produced during this procedure is executable, merger could supply huge benefits over current atomic and coal beginnings, these include1. Bing an abundant fuel supply, as already discussed- heavy hydrogen can be easy extracted from normal H2O beginnings and is hence available to all states. In add-on, tritium is pr oduced from Li, which can be obtained from many geological sedimentations or in oceans- therefore supplying many extra old ages of usage. These copiousnesss would raise world-wide concerns on fuel exhaustion and depletion. ( Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory 1999 )2. No atomic accident risk- in theory, the sums of heavy hydrogen and tritium to be used in reactors are so little that big uncontrolled release of energy should non be possible. However, in the instance of accidents, the plasma blast should be restricted by the containment vas and finally cool down.3. No air pollution- Like atomic fission, since no dodo fuels are used, there is no emanation of gases or particulate affair from burning of fuel.4. No high-ranking atomic waste- the procedure of merger produces no fission merchandises and hence do non present managing and disposal jobs. Radioactivity is, nevertheless, produced by neutrons interacting with the reactor construction, but should stuffs be selected carefully sele cted, the handling and ultimate disposal of activated stuffs should be minimized significantly.5. No menace of atomic weaponry- it is non possible to utilize the stuffs and byproducts of merger as atomic arms.DrumheadIn consideration of the above consequences, a sum-up of findings have been presented in table 6 below.Table 6 Table demoing the advantages and disadvantages of atomic power, every bit good as justification that support its usage above conventional beginningsAdvantagesDisadvantagesJustification when compared to other energy beginningsCheap in the long termLarge start-up costDue to the little measures used, atomic fuel costs are much lower than that of coal StationssAbundant fuel beginningHigh hazards atomic accidents such as meltdowns could ensue in long term worldwide impactsNuclear power Stationss mortality rates are significantly lower than those of coal Stationss and coal excavationEnergy content of fuel is high- 1 kg uranium-235 corresponds to 2.7 million kilograms coal equivalentSusceptible to terrorist onslaughtsReactor containment vass should protect against big perturbationsNew ordinances and Torahs have been established to minimise the hazard.Small measures of waste produced- merely 3 % of the one-year 27 metric tons of waste produced is non reclaimable, coal produces 7 million metric tons of C dioxide and 200,000 metric tons of sulfur dioxide a twelvemonthHazardous waste Waste is radioactive and has to be contained and isolated from human populations for every bit long as 10 000 old ages before it is safe once moreCorrect containment processs should guarantee safety during disposal and handlingThe extent of public wellness affected by emanations of particulate affair from coal burning is much largerLow emanations of particulate affair and nursery gasesRadiation produced could be harmful for environing communitiesFly ash from coal emanations hold merely every bit much radiationDiscussionThe consequences yielded by this survey accurately show the comparative effectivity of atomic power as an energy beginning. As demonstrated in table 2 and table 3 the comparative cost of electricity from atomic power beginnings will be significantly lower than that produced from most other beginnings, despite the building procedure being reasonably capital-intensive. In add-on, change overing to this beginning reduces dependance on fuel monetary values for finding energy costs ( fig 1 ) . Since atomic power utilizations such little measures of fuel, an addition in costs would hold to be sustained for reasonably long periods in order to hold important impacts of the overall costs of electricity coevals.Furthermore, the research by Howden ( 2007 ) and the OCED Nuclear Energy Agency ( 2007 ) suggest important benefits when utilizing atomic power in footings of the sustainability. These beginnings demonstrate that the current militias of U, used in atomic power, would be able to supply dependable energy for far longer than the current c oal militias which are expected to be exhausted within the following century.The energy content of U has besides been found to be far greater than that of coal, giving more than 10 000 times the energy in the natural province ( World Nuclear Association 2001 ) . The difference in the comparative measures of fuel required by the different power Stationss is important as good, with far less measures of U being needed to bring forth the same energy ( European Nuclear Society ( n.d ) .Linked to this is the construct of safety. This is possibly the most good covered issue refering atomic power, with many people believing that atomic Stationss pose significantly greater wellness hazards than those of coal Stationss. However, harmonizing to the consequences, this would non look to be true. The causes of many of the most well-known atomic catastrophes have really been attributed, chiefly, to human mistake as good and hapless design of reactors in the yesteryear ( Moore,2006 and Carbon, 2003 ) . In add-on, far greater mortality has been reported in the coal excavation industry and coal-related electricity coevals than in that of atomic power, as supported by research of Ball, et al. , ( 2001 ) presented in table 5.Harmonizing to the consequences, the waste output of atomic power is besides much smaller. Therefore, these wastes can be much easier controlled and disposed of if sufficient ordinances and processs are in topographic point. The methods of atomic waste disposal, in add-on, are besides purely controlled and should be sufficient to forestall environmental devastation or negative human wellness hazards.Although the wastes produced in atomic power coevals are much more unsafe in little sums than the coal emanation equivalent, the significantly greater measures of coal emanations have really resulted in a much larger impact on wellness. In add-on, as research by Hvistendahl ( 2007 ) shows, through the emanation of fly ash, coal firing power Stationss can really en sue in radiation in populations environing the emanation station being equal to that of atomic power Stationss.Furthermore, coal power station besides poses extra hazards due to the content of emanation from burning. These include Carbon Dioxide and Sulphur Dioxide which could ensue in acid rain and respiratory jobs and besides contribute significantly to the nursery effect- pin downing more heat in the ambiance and finally taking to planetary heating.Consequences have besides shown that the procedure of atomic merger can offer extra benefits over current atomic power coevals techniques. By offering a greater energy denseness and cut downing the sums of waste yielded in the process- atomic power has the potency for going even more efficient. In add-on, the fuel used in this procedure has besides been found to be more abundant than both coal and U and hence change overing to this medium would offer a much more sustainable beginning of power to the full universe.DecisionIt seems clear from the consequences that atomic power would be a executable option to conventional methods of power coevals. In fact, use of this medium could supply important benefits over current energy beginnings.Nuclear power has been shown to bring forth electricity much more economically and faithfully than assorted other fuels. The big copiousnesss of U, the atomic fuel beginning, and the highly little comparative measures required for bring forthing the same energy as in a coal power station offer great benefits when sing the wellness hazards experienced during big graduated table excavation, managing and conveyance of great volumes of coal.In add-on, consequences have shown that safety of atomic power Stationss is, in fact, much higher than those of coal workss and that if the established processs and ordinances are followed right, atomic power should present no important hazards to human wellness.Furthermore, the methods of atomic waste disposal and the ordinances that govern the proc edure are extended. Consequences have shown that conventional energy coevals produces much greater waste than atomic power, although this is non ever as apparent. The use of atomic power has hence become a great necessity as ever-increasing degrees of nursery gases pose intensifying hazards for human wellness in the long term. The frights refering the possible negative impacts from radiation produced during the energy coevals in atomic power workss can besides non substantiated since coal Stationss have been shown to do similar effects.Finally, atomic power has besides shown great potency for future efficiency. The find of atomic merger offers an highly low waste, abundant and extremely energy dense option to conventional beginnings. This means that, as engineering progresss, atomic power will present even greater effectivity and in bend offer greater benefits, in footings of cost, energy production ability, safety and waste produced, than current beginnings of power coevals doing i t indispensable to sustainable human endurance in the hereafter.

Good vs evil in Shakespeare’s Macbeth Essay

The play Macbeth is a very tragic integrity. It is about the downfall of a hero who is led by temptation to mass murder and cruelty. Shakespeare uses various(a) styles and techniques to display very evidently how Macbeths character develops as the story progresses, and thus we hitch how Macbeth turns from good to evil, from a valiant cousin and worthy world to a bloody entirelycher. The play tells the story of how a noble warrior, Macbeth, descends into evil after meeting with three witches supernatural beings who prophesy Macbeths destiny.He is told he lead become King of Scotland, and this idea of gaining power leads him to murder the king, take his throne and thusly continue his murder spree on seemingly whoever he feels like. Eventually Macbeth is slain and order is restored in Scotland. From the very start we have progressively come to abhor Macbeth, however, we cannot help but feel a current admiration for him. But much more we have a sense of irony and waste irony be cause some sterling qualities have been put to much(prenominal) evil use, waste because Macbeth was a potentially great man who was lost.. Macbeth is a play concerned wholly with the battle between good and evil passim the play we continually see signs of a supernatural struggle between the two, with evil winning over good when Macbeth murders the king, but then good at long last defeating evil when Macbeth is slain. In fact, in the very opening scene we see signs of supernatural happenings and evil the witches Fair is foul and foul is fair Hover through with(predicate) the fog and filthy air Here we see that, to the witches, what is evil is good (foul is fair) and what is good they find repulsive (fair is foul).This seems to be their attitude to life, but it could also be a warning to the audience that things to follow are not what they might seem. The first we hear of Macbeth is with praises to his name. He is called unafraid(p) Macbeth, valiant cousin and worthy gentleman, fighting a war for God, king and country. For brave Macbeth well he deserves that name Disdaining fortune, with his brandished steel, Which smoked with bloody execution However, it is in scene III that good and evil collide, when Macbeth meets with the witches.Some say that this is the beginning of Macbeths downfall, as in his first soliloquy he has already thought of the idea of murdering his king. This small seed planted in his mind will soon sprout and he will indeed commit treason. Already, the audience loses their worship for Macbeth as we see his mental frailty and evil intention. The question at hand is what Macbeth should do is he determined on evil intent or is divine intervention the answer? He contemplates this, and decides that it is not worthwhile to throw everything away for one guilty conscience, instead the solution is murder.We are soon introduced to noblewoman Macbeth, and it becomes clear that she is the ambition, the driving force, behind her husband. To Lad y Macbeth, her husband is brave, loving, ambitious yet he is too noble to fulfil the third prophesy. Lady Macbeth then calls upon evil spirits to make her ruthless so she can kill Duncan. Come you spirits, That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, And fill me from the crown to the peak toe- replete(p) Of direst cruelty make thick my blood. After reading the letter, she already has a plan brewing. However, she fears Macbeths nature.yet I do fear thy nature, it is too full othmilk of human kindness, Thou wouldst be great, Art not without ambition, but without the illness should attend it, What thou wouldst highly, that wouldst thou holily wouldst not play false, And yet wouldst wrongly win. The planning of the murder of Duncan is one of the most important sections of this tragedy. Here we see a conflict in Macbeths character, one side wants him to commit the murder, while the other wants to let fate take its course. In a way it is due to his wife that Macbeth is finally persuade d into committing treason.This shows one of the flaws in his character, which Shakespeare exposes. A while after Macbeth has certain misgivings about the affair. In his mind he argues out the advantages and disadvantages. The good side of him says that hes here in double trust I am his kinsman and subject, as his host who should against his murderers shut the door, not bear the knife myself. The more cunning party says that his virtues will plead like angels trumpet-tongued against the deep-damnation of his taking off, but only vaulting ambition, which oerleaps itself and falls on the other,twere well it were done quickly, but this blow might be and the end all here, bloody instructions, which being taught, return to plague th inventor. Yet he cannot maintain this scintillation of morality as, under the influence of his wife he commits treachery. After the murder Macbeth experienced remorse, guilt and regret, still revealing his nobility. I am afraid to envisage what I have done he says. He is troubled by his conscience, he realizes that he is cut off from heaven.He is in fact so hampered in his actions by the conflict between his knowledge that he has committed the crime and his abhorrence of it, that he becomes immobile. Macbeths evil is so great that he cannot even say amen to his prayer ,I could not say amen. By now he realizes he is too deep into his acts of violence to turn back. Macbeth has confused the determine of good and evil. That is, he has confused fair and foul, which confusion has all along been the devils aim. Macbeth has completely committed himself to evil.Macbeth still thinks of himself as a man, and as such would rather die than suffer the indignity of being baited with the rabbles curse. This feeling in him reminds us of the worthy Macbeth at the beginning of the play. We also see that he still has the courage to act on his convictions, desperate though that courage may be. For he knows now that he must die. He fights as a man. Macd uff and Macbeth fight which signifies the ever on-going battle between good and evil. Eventually Macbeth is slain and the evil has been stopped in Scotland good has triumphed, as Malcom is crowned the bare-assed King.

An AP prompt essay discussing how writers must prepare to be unsatisfied Essay

Everyday more and more people try to make a profession in being a successful generator. In this passage, aspiring writer Melusina Fay Peirce writes to novelist Marian Evans Lewes asking if beginning writing at thirty is too old. Evans is moved by this letter and responds mentioning thirty is non too old. In the letter, she comments that even an gross(a) writer such as herself is rarely satisfied with hours of accomplishment. It is impossible to be an accomplished writer without having years of wisdom behind you.Throughout the passage, she utilizes various persuasive techniques such as refutation and analogies in dictate to depict novice work as tasteless. In Lewes response to Peirce, she incorporates many rhetorical strategies in order to convey that writers must prepare to be unsatisfied and must non be concerned about flattery because success in writing comes nevertheless with maturity. In the beginning of the letter, Evans uses a plethora of rhetorical strategies which sugg est that in order to be a writer wiz must be ready to be unsatisfied. Evans declares her consciousness is not of the triumphant kind.Beginning her letter with a refutation immediately conveys that being a writer is a difficult life. Although one may put hours of hard work into a novel, satisfaction is not evermore achieved. She then states that Exultation is a dream before achievement and rarely comes after. Evans suggests that she often fancies admiration before her work is finished only to encounter a deficiency of compliment after. While Lewes may be a praised writer, she shocks Peirce when saying she is rarely commended for her work writers dreams are seldom met.When encountering the lack of the praise writers such as Evans tend to feel like a poor husk. Evans uses this word to convey the emptiness in which she feels after writing. One always feels like it is possible to create better work but doesnt know where to look. She then continues on and inquire to Peirce Does these s eem melancholy? . This rhetorical misgiving implies that these feelings of incompleteness and emptiness are far less melancholy than self-flattery. This connects to the refutation at the beginning of the paragraph stating that writers seldom feel triumphant.Using the various strategies, Evans conveys that to be a writer one must not be concerned about flattery and must be prepared to be unfulfilled. In the beside paragraph, Evans refutes Peirces main concern of being too old to start writing by giving support to the idea that success come with maturity. Lewes responds by mentioning not to fancy yourself old because you are thirty, or to regret you have not written anything. This refutation replies to Peirces concern that she is too old and tells Peirce not to worry.She then states that it does not even matter if one hasnt written anything prior to being an established writer. Lewes then mentions that the writing of a young writer is no better than trashy, unripe fruit. The underde veloped fruit mirrors the underdeveloped minds and writing of the young writers. He then states that there is nothing worse than a writer who has exhausted himself. One cannot burn out writing all of their material while young. A successful writer needs to be patient, as triumph in literature comes with experience in everyday life.Towards the end of the letter, Evans reflects that when she was young she began a sort of writing which had no great glory belong to it, but which she felt certain she could do faithfully and well. This anecdote also whole works as an emotional appeal as it sympathizes with Peircr, implying mutual feelings some(prenominal) writers felt while young. Evans suggests that mature and older writers are more patient in their writing, consequently producing better works. Evans is very persuasive in her position which states achievements in writings will come along with maturity.In Lewess letter to Peirce, she includes numerous persuasive techniques in order to c onvey that writers must prepare to be unsatisfied and must not be concerned about flattery because success in writing only comes with maturity. Evanss main point is that one is never too old to begin writing. An aspiring writer shouldnt hold back on account that they havent produced descent works in the past. Wisdom, compassion and insight all come with years of aging and are needed to produce successful writing.

Race Discrimination in the Workforce Essay

When returning back to Wanzeks after layoff I had noniced in my paycheck I had lost $2 an hour in pay when I had received a $2 raise and a gift certificate before layoff. I did report the dis frivol away of wage to Tina Harrison in Human Resources and she would e-mail Phyllis at Headquarters. Anthony pantryman has c every last(predicate)ed numerous times and no response. On November 6, 2012 a text was also sent to Phyllis by Anthony pantryman in regards to his loss of pay. Phyllis also has not responded.II.At the Trenton demarcation site on or about October 10, 2012 Anthony butler (herein pantryman) went to the safety theatre director Larry to get a pair of gloves prior to piece of work that morning. pantryman was informed by Larry, That he was not supplying him gloves every week because it was not his job. At that time pantryman informed Larry that his hands atomic number 18 too big for the gloves and his were tore. On or about October 16, 2012 Butler again went to Larry for work gloves because the both pairs he had that day were wet and his hands were freezing. Larry stated, He was not giving them to me and that I requisiteed to take them home and dry them. Butler informed Larry it was fall out and he needed gloves. Employees from Butlers crew went to Larry for gloves and received them with no hassles.Butler never did receive any gloves and yet had to continue to fulfill his job. On October 24, 2012 Butler again went to Larry to get insolated gloves to go inside his work gloves because his were torn and at that time Larry ref utilise to give Butler the insulated gloves and instead gave him water gloves and it was not even raining. At that point Butler went to Ralph Hunt (herein Hunt) his foreman and explained to him what Larry gave him instead of the proper work equipment needed to perform his job duties. Hunt took Butler to the Safety Office and confronted Larry to why his best helper meaning Butler could not pass a pair of insulated gloves. Larry said, what happened to the gloves I fricken gave you last week? Hunt at that point told Larry the gloves did not cost more than(prenominal) than twenty (20) cents per pair and at that point Butler received a pair of gloves. After these violations Butler was transferred to other jobsite.Basin meditate SiteIII.On or about November 7, 2012 Butler came back from lunch to work in the Fabrication Area when an employee nick named Bommer asked Butler if he was works him to hard. Butler replied no, its a slow day. Bommer replied, I will work the hell out of you Nigger. After Bommer called Butler a Nigger he then replied, Thats hardly a joke.IV.On or about November 14, 2012 while working with Civil, Butler was shoveling quarter and sand and moving warming blankets with another employee. The employee left and Butler was moving the warming blankets by himself when he asked Brandon who is the foreman of Civil, why are his workers standing by the break room watching him work. Brandon did not reply. That went on the entire day the others employees did not work they just watched Butler work.V.On or about November 19, 2012 Butler was working with Bommer ad another employee nick named Zeek. Bommer had dumped a load of dirt in the wrong spot which he had been doing all day. Zeek replied, You did it again Bommer. Zeek looked at Butler and said, Get a shovel. Butler replied to Zeek that he already had the rake and that is what he has been using all day to spread the dirt. Zeek said, What are you just going to stand there and watch me dig? Bommer was just standing there when Butler said, dont be mad at me because he dumped a load in the wrong area and that you need to make him help also. Thats when Mark Corbell the supervisor over piping stated, You need to back the fuck up At that point I walked away to clear my head and then started back working.VI.On November 19, 2012 Butler came into the man camping and turned ESPN on to watch the football game. walk an employee a nd also roommate walked into the planetary house mumbling under his breath about Butler having the TV on football. Butler spoke, hello Wade and Wade ignored him. At that point Wade told Kyle Olson (herein Olson) another employee and roommate, Lets go to the bar.They left the house and came back approximately 1 am drunk, slamming doors, talking loud and making it obvious that theyre intention was to wake me up so I would tot out of my room and start a confrontation. This went on for almost 45 minutes. I stayed in my room and couldnt go back to sleep the lay of the night. In the morning Wade slammed the door so hard Butler thought it broke the window because Butler had made previous complaints about Wade slamming the doors every morning to Wade and Olson. Several of other incidents not mentioned at the present time will eventually be brought to light by Butler after the EEOC investigation has been completed.RULEI.As cited in the Employee Safety Handbook given to employees of Wanzek s states verbatim on pg. ii Equal Opportunity States The bon ton is an Equal Opportunity Employer and encourages women, minorities, veterans and the disabled to apply. We recruit, hire and promote all job classifications based solely upon the personal qualifications of the individual. All employees are treated equally with notice to compensation and opportunities for advancement.The Equal Pay Act of 1963 (EPA)This law makes it illegal to pay different wages to men and women if they perform equal work in the equivalent workplace. The law also makes it illegal to retaliate against a person because the person complained about dissimilitude, filed a charge of discrimination, or participated in an employment discrimination investigation or lawsuit.II.As cited in the Employee Safety Handbook given to employees of Wanzeks states verbatim on pg. 24 Corporate Policy States Gloves are required for all work performed in the field. Each employee must be able to select the right kind of glov e for the task.III.Race discrimination involves treating someone (an applicant or employee) unfavorably because he/she is of a certain feed or because of personal characteristics associated with race (such as hair texture, skin color, or certain facial features). strain discrimination involves treating someone unfavorably because of skin color complexion. Race/color discrimination also can involve treating someone unfavorably because the person is marry to (or associated with) a person of a certain race or color or because of a persons connection with a race-based organization or group, or an organization or group that is generally associated with people of a certain color.Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964This law makes it illegal to steal against someone on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, or sex. The law also makes it illegal to retaliate against a person because the person complained about discrimination, filed a charge of discrimination, or partic ipated in an employment discrimination investigation or lawsuit. The law also requires that employers reasonably accommodate applicants and employees sincerely held religious practices, unless doing so would impose an idle hardship on the operation of the employers business.Sections 501 and 505 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973This law makes it illegal to discriminate against a qualified person with a check in the federal government. The law also makes it illegal to retaliate against a person because the person complained about discrimination, filed a charge of discrimination, or participated in an employment discrimination investigation or lawsuit. The law also requires that employers reasonably accommodate the known physical or mental limitations of an other than qualified individual with a disability who is an applicant or employee, unless doing so would impose an undue hardship on the operation of the employers business.Title VIIs protections include* Recruiting, Hiring, and A dvancementJob requirements must be uniformly and consistently applied to persons of all races and colors. Even if a job requirement is applied consistently, if it is not important for job implementation or business needs, the requirement whitethorn be found unlawful if it excludes persons of a certain racial group or color significantly more than others. Examples of potentially unlawful practices include (1) soliciting applications only from sources in which all or most potential workers are of the same race or color (2) requiring applicants to have a certain educational background that is not important for job performance or business needs (3) testing applicants for knowledge, skills or abilities that are not important for job performance or business needs.Employers may legitimately need information about their employees or applicants race for affirmative action purposes and/or to track applicant flow. One way to obtain racial information and simultaneously guard against discrimin atory selection is for employers to use separate forms or otherwise keep the information about an applicants race separate from the application. In that way, the employer can capture the information it needs but ensure that it is not used in the selection decision. Unless the information is for such a legitimate purpose, pre-employment questions about race can suggest that race will be used as a basis for making selection decisions.If the information is used in the selection decision and members of particular racial groups are excluded from employment, the inquiries can correspond evidence of discrimination. * Compensation and Other Employment Terms, Conditions, and Privileges Title VII prohibits discrimination in compensation and other terms, conditions, and privileges of employment. Thus, race or color discrimination may not be the basis for differences in pay or benefits, work assignments, performance evaluations, training, discipline or discharge, or any other area of employmen t.* molestationHarassment on the basis of race and/or color violates Title VII. Ethnic slurs, racial jokes, offensive or derogatory comments, or other verbal or physical conduct based on an individuals race/color constitutes unlawful harassment if the conduct creates an intimidating, contrary, or offensive working environment, or interferes with the individuals work performance.* RetaliationEmployees have a right to be free from retaliation for their opposition to discrimination or their employment in an EEOC proceeding by filing a charge, testifying, assisting, or otherwise participating in an agency proceeding.* Segregation and Classification of EmployeesTitle VII is profaned where minority employees are segregated by physically isolating them from other employees or from customer contact. Title VII also prohibits assigning primarily minorities to predominantly minority establishments or geographic areas. It is also illegal to exclude minorities from certain positions or to gr oup or categorize employees or jobs so that certain jobs are generally held by minorities.II. Thru VI* A hostile work environment is an environment in which an employee, due to actions by co-workers or the employer, does not feel snug performing duties. In extremely hostile work environments, the employee may not feel comfortable even coming into the work facility.Inappropriate Comments or Actions* A work environment may be considered hostile when co-workers or an employer makes lewd jokes or touches inappropriately (sexual harassment), or when co-workers or an employer makes unwanted comments about an employees age, gender, race or physical or mental competence. Even if the majority of the co-workers have no problem with the actions or comments, a work environment can be considered hostile if the actions or comments clearly make an employee uncomfortable in the workplace.ConclusionButler has filed a complaint with the EEOC in regards to the above violations and is also informing h is employer Wanzek social system Inc. of the mentioned violations above. Butler is afraid to come to work due to the hostile environment in his house by both roommates employed by Wanzek. Kyle Olson is very raciest and has had racial dealings outside of the workplace in the past with Butlers fiancs childrens father whom is also African American. Butler has been violated by not only crew members but also supervisors and higher ups. Butler feels he has finally been verbally and physically harassed to the point that a hostile environment has created by the employees of Wanzek Construction Inc. and their Contractors.Issues have been brought to some higher ups including staying in the house that has been selected to him. His wages were addressed to the proper authorities and again nothing has been done. At this time Butler is seeking the EEOC to address these violations and a complaint has been filed via telephone on November 26, 2012. Butler hopes that this complaint does not bring for th retaliation and more harassment for he cannot take anymore. Butler has kept his mouth shut through all the violations he has been victim to and he wants this discrimination to stop and wants to be treated fairly as all other employees.Other violations not mentioned are in regards to improper discipline given to other employees when creating an unsafe work place. Butler is not even able to buy food to refrigerate his food because the two employees have over taken the fridge and freezer to where Butler could never get food in the fridge. The training Butler should have had the opportunity to receive along with the other employees including operating testing of equipment that Butler operates.Wanzek a Mas Tec Company at P.O. Box 2019 Fargo, North Dakota 58107-2019 and also to MasTec Corporate Headquarters at 800 S. Douglas Road Coral Gables, Florida 33134

Defining Race and Ethnicity Essay

What do the terms race and ethnicity mean to you? Why ar these concepts important to United States society? Race is usually defined by the color of a persons skin such as black, or white. These words are utilise very frequently. Ethnicity is a more proper way to define us as people and usually refers to our cultural background/ancestry. For example Africans, African Americans, Caucasians, and Latinos. These concepts are important to the United States beca utilisation of the diversity, and all walks of life, census plays a big role. Our ethnicity/race is what distinctively separates us from one another by groups. Also according to (Office Of trouble and budget August 28,1995)In 1977, OMB issued the Race and Ethnic Standards for Federal Statistics and Administrative Reporting that are set forth in Statistical Policy directing No. 15. The standards in this Directive have been used for almost two decades throughout the Federal government for recordkeeping, collection, and presentat ion of data on race and Hispanic origin.The standards have been used in two decennial censuses and in surveys of the population, data collections necessary for meeting statutory requirements associated with civil rights monitoring and enforcement, and in other administrative chopine reporting. Data collection agencies have legislative authority to collect racial and ethnic data needed for Federal programs and in the case of the decennial census, for redistricting. They also use racial and ethnic data for analyses of social, economic, and health trends for population groups. Basically it is important for them to collect this info for federal, business, and statistical reasons.Referenceshttp//www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fedreg_race-ethnicity

Empowerment of the Girl Child Essay

I. IntroductionIn a seminal article in 1990, Amartya Sen suggested that worldwide, particularly in Asia, millions of wo manpower were missing from the population totals of many countries. He also noted the alarming fact that the sex dimension for female children in China, India and southwest Korea is actually deteriorating while the overall sex ratio for females in those countries has marginally improved. Sen argued that the depend of women missing in any population could be estimated by collusive the numbers of extra women who would have survived in that society. This would have been so if it had the same ratio of women to men as in other regions of the world where both sexes befool similar care.Given the low ratio of 0.94 women to men in South Asia, West Asia and China indicating a deficit of 6 percent, he surmised that since in countries where women and men receive similar care the ratio is about 1.05, the real deficit is about 11percent of their women. These numbers tell, qu ietly a terrible story of inequality and sloppiness leading to excess mortality of women (Sen, 1990). In India, the widening gap in the ratio of girls to boys is clearly brought to light in the Census of 2001, confirming a snub that has been in place since 1901. This is most pronounced in the youngest age group, 0-6, thus indicating the scale of injustice as well as the long-term social and frugal consequences implied.Ansley Coale (1991) also drew attention to unusually high sex ratios at birth and high female mortality rates relative to males, especially in the early years of life and for daughters with elder sisters. To give a rough approximation of the numerical impact of excessive female mortality, he also estimated the ratio of males to females in selected populations that would exist in the absence of discriminatory treatment of females, and thus the total number of missing females. For the populations of China, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, West Asia, and Egypt, he c alculated the total number of missing females to be about 60 million, a figure lower than.

Health and Safety of Using a Computer

You need to use the internet to search for the next information. Use the table below to store your answers along with the web cut through of websites where you imbed the information. You should use more than than genius website to check your answers Why is posture important when using a electronic computer? learning found (copy and glue from the website) Web book of facts Your computer posture can have a huge impact on your wellness. If its poor, and you slouch for 7 hours a day in front of your PC, your body will suffer in the long-term. http//www. fitness-programs-for-life. om/computer-posture. html Why should you take regular breaks or change of activity when using a computer? Information found (copy and paste from the website) Web address Eye muscles that shift focus between your address document and a screen for a long period of time can tire. http//www. staffs. ac. uk/ frames/user042_tcm68-12657. pdf Find an image to carry how you should correctly sit when you are using a computer? Information found (copy and paste from the website) Web address http//www. google. co. uk/imgres? imgurl=https//www. ourloungelearning. co. uk/materials/popups/new_screenshots/hse1. gifimgrefurl=https//www. yourloungelearning. co. uk/materials/popups/health_safety. phpusg=__IFMYnONBLFJMUTBDRGIS4N0Y5NU=h=328w=425sz=27hl=enstart=3 soar=1tbnid=3kv5FZAK84FF1Mtbnh=97tbnw=126ei=JhUxT_mxGIqK0AXjwtC0Bwprev=/search%3Fq%3Dhow%2Bshould%2Byou%2Bsit%2Bat%2Ba%2Bcomputer%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DN%26rls%3Dcom. microsoften-gb%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D852%26s emerge%3D1%26tbm%3Dischum=1itbs=1Why should computer screens and chairs be adjustable? Information found (copy and paste from the website) Web address rectify your keyboard and screen to get a good keying and think position. A space in front of the keyboard is sometimes helpful for resting the hands and wrists while not keying. Adjust seat height to ensure hands are perpendicular to keyboard (height adjustment is usually achieved by a handle to the left underside of the chair). http//www3. imperial. ac. uk/occhealth/guidanceandadvice/computerhealth/compute healthgeneralguidance Find out at least two health problems that might be related to computer use? Information found (copy and paste from the website) Web address 1. Eye Disease 2. Computer Stress Injuries 3. Hurting Hands http//heheli. com/business/top-4-health-problems-caused-by-computer-use/ Find an image to show overloading sockets and find out why you should not overload sockets Information found (copy and paste from the website) Web address http//images. google. co. uk/imgres? imgurl=http//www. ambethliving. org. uk/images/overloaded%2520socket_m. gifimgrefurl=http//www. lambethliving. org. uk/Default. aspx%3Fpage%3D516usg=__PGOPSK2MwkKZwGesrJ2Em_8vjEo=h=183w=150sz=13hl=enstart=17 travel rapidly=1tbnid=XTRUfXeqS4U0ZMtbnh=102tbnw=84ei=IhcxT_7NEM2GhQfr9sz-BAprev=/search%3Fq%3Doverloading%2Bsockets%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26biw%3 D1280%26bih%3D852%26gbv%3D2%26sout%3D1%26tbm%3Dischitbs=1 Why should you not have trailing cables around a computer room?Information found (copy and paste from the website) Web address A large procedure of accidents around the work place, are cause by tripping over trailing wires. http//wiki. answers. com/Q/Why_shouldnt_you_have_trailing_wires_near_a_computerixzz1lhKk6ABs Find out what is sloppedt by ergonomic furniture Information found (copy and paste from the website) Web address What does ergonomics mean? Ergonomics is the science of designing environments and products to match the individuals who use them.The word ergonomics comes from the Greek ergon meaning work and nomos meaning law. suit the prole to the job not the job to the worker. * Fitting the job to the worker through task design and procedures * Fitting the worker to the job through the use of proper placement procedures and training. It should be noted What works for one worker may not work for another, so it s important to emphasize individual solutions. Your basic fellowship of ergonomics is a prevention of physical damage or injuries that may occur.

Resources and Capabilities of Coca-Cola Essay

In the free-enterprise(a) corporate world it is very important for organizations to have a strategy. This strategy should be based on resources and capabilities that the staunch has and also taking into go steadyation the opportunities that arise in the external environment enabling companies to achieve sustainable competitive service. (Grant, 2005). The society that I have chosen is Coca-Cola. The reason behind me choosing this company is because from my point of view, Coca-Cola has been a company that has forever invested, upgraded and leveraged its resources and capabilities to be the closely in(predicate) note in the soft inebriation industry for more than 120 familys. According to Interbrands score on Best Global Brands, Coca- Cola has been ranked in the first position for the 13th uncoiled forms. Estimating its brand value at $77.8 billion and having a rise in 8% since last year annual report. (The New York Times, 2012).Coca-Colas was discovered by John Pemberton , a pharmacist from Georgia, as a result of an accident, which has now become the most consumed soft drink in the world. (The Coca-Cola Company, 2012). Around 1.7 billion of ampere-second products atomic number 18 consumed in a day. (The World F play Book, 2012). Its portfolio of products range from the traditional Coca-Cola, carbonated soda water, bottled water, tea, sports drink and fruit juices, having over 3,500 products and brands. The company holds 275 bottling partners around the world these companies atomic number 18 dedicated to stupefy, package and distribute most of the companys products. The company competes in over 200 countries. (The Coca-Cola Company, 2012).The resource based view is a frame devise that suggests that companies obtain competitive receipts by focusing on strategies that exploit their internal strengths by responding to the external opportunities and trying minimize external threats and internal weaknesses. (Barney, 1991). The advantage of this mode l is that the firm drop consider factors that are within their control. (Connely, 2010). Moreover, this model has two assumptions in analyzing resources. The first maven is that the firm is heterogeneous to the strategical resources they control. The second is that resources arent perfectly mobile across firms and thus heterogeneity can be big lasting. (Barney, 1991).Before talking about Coca-Colas resources and core capabilities it is important to understand the difference between these two. Resources are the productive assets owned by the company, capabilities are what the firm can do well. Resources can be classified ad as three types tangible resources, nonphysical resources and human resources. (Grant, 2005, p. 136-137). Authors such as Teece and Pisano (1997) suggest that an organization has to ceaselessly renew and recreate its resources to meet the needs of changing environments. They are three basic types of dynamic capabilities the iodins comprehend opportunities a nd threats, the ones concerning seizing opportunities and the ones concerned in re-configuring the capabilities of an organization. Dynamic capabilities can take various forms such as recruitment and management process, major strategic moves, such as acquisitions and alliances.Tangible resources are physical and financial resources that can take a variety of forms. These assets and capabilities get wind how efficiently and effectively a company performs its functional activities. (Grant, 2005, p.139). To determine if a company has a strong financial position financial analyst tend to measure in general the gross profit margin, operating margin, ROA and ROE ratios. The Coca Cola Company has a very strong financial position, its sales were $46.542 billion, its gross profit margin in the year 2011 was 60.86%, 2010 it was 63.86%, in 2009 it was 64.22% meaning that the company has been consistent in their efficiency of manufacturing and dissemination during the production process. ( Google Finance, 2011). The operating margin in 2011 was 23.06% and 2010 it was 39.13%.The margin is the measure of the proportion of companys revenue left after deducting variable damages. The margin has been consistent which means that the company is always trying to maintain its variable costs. The ROA is the indicator of how efficient a company is using its assets to pass earning. In 2011, Coca-Colas ROA was 10.17%, during this year the management was less efficient at using its assets but during last few it has been quite efficient. In 2010 it was 16.19% in 2009 it was 14.02%. The ROE from last year has dropped from 28.17% in 2010 to 17.73% in 2011, even though the company is trying use less shareholders equity to produce lolly. (Coca-Colas Annual Report, 2011).The physical resources that Coca-Cola owns can be classified into building, equipment and their bottling partners. The buildings account for $ 5.24 billion, the property, plant and equipment account for $ 23.15 billion. The distribution of the drink is done through 275 bottling partners. The bottling partners manufacture, package, merchandise and distribute the finished branded beverages. (Coca-Colas Annual Report, 2011).The intangible resources tend to contribute more than tangible resources. They can be classified as intellectual property, resources for creation and reputation. (Grant, 2011). One of Coca-Colas most valuable intangible resource is its sneaking(a) formula. The company tends to sell pure syrups to their bottling partners, who then use the syrup to produce the final product. This means that the company does even share their secret formula with its bottling partners. (Coca-Colas Annual Report, 2011).According to Coca- Cola another intangible resource that they own is their engineering and the know-how. They related this technology to the Companys products and the processes for their production, the packages used for our products, the design and exploit of various processes and eq uipment used in our business and certain quality assurance software. (Coca-Colas Annual Report, 2011, p. 9).An intangible asset that Coca-Cola owns is its Goodwill. The thanksgiving can be classified as the strong brand name, good customer relations or good employee relations. (Investopedia, 2012). In 2011 Coca- Colas good will accounted for $ 12,219. The company performs impairment tests of goodwill at geographic operating areas. The operating areas are Eurasia and Africa, Europe, Latin America, North America and Pacific.Coca- Colas brand loyalty and recognition can be considered as Coca-Colas most valuable intangible resource. either day 1.7 billion of coke products are consumed in a day, more than 60% of the of the worlds population have a Coke drink in a day. (Market Line, 2011). Moreover, the red and white logo is discoverd by 94% of the worlds population. (Business Insider, 2012).The Coca-Cola Company had 146,200 employees worldwide in the year 2011, respectfully called ass ociates. The Company always tries to keep their employees engaged by motivating and indulging responsibility in projects. Their work place includes on site company gym, free Coca-Cola drinks, summer and flexible working hours. Training and evolution also plays a big role, they continually invest in employee development plans, internal talent management, lead development for managers and employee performance management. They also tend to reward their employees by different elements such as pension, wellness care and additional holidays.Once analyzed Coca-Colas tangible and intangible resources I now move to analyze their core competence and dynamic capability. Core competence can be defined as the linked set of skills, activities and resources that, together, deliver customer value, differentiate a business from its competitors and potentially can be extended and developed. (Johnson et al, 2011, p. 89).Coca-Colas major dynamic capability is large investment in trade. In 2011, Coc a- Cola spent $ 3.3 billion on advertisement. (Google Finance, 2011). Their marketing programs are developed to Think Globally, but act locally designed to enhance more consumer awareness and product appeal for customers. The company tends to differentiate its marketing strategy in developed markets and developing markets. In developed markets is objective is continue having growing profits and in developing markets its objective is to increase brand value. In emerging markets they invest in brands and foundation programs to give access to the consumers to the product. In developed markets they invest in making the product affordable, good discourse with its customers and differentiation within its products. (Coca-Colas Annual report, 2011).Another core competence that enables the company owns to gain competitive advantage is their distribution and bottling operations. Most of their products are manufactured, sold and distributed by independently owned and managed bottling partne rs. (Coca- Colas Annual report, 2011, p. 32). The company owns nearly 275 bottling companies, distributing their products in more 200 countries. Three most known bottling companies are Coca-Cola Hellenic, Coca-Cola Femsa, and Coca-Cola Amatil. Coca-Cola Hellenic distributes in 28 European countries. In 2011, 46% of the unit role al-Quran of Coca-Cola Hellenic consisted of Trademark Coca-Cola Beverages.Coca-Cola Femsa is a Mexican company covers most of parts of South America. In 2011, 62 percent of the unit case volume of Coca-Cola FEMSA consisted of Trademark Coca-Cola Beverages. Coca-Cola Amatil covers Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Fiji and Indonesia. In 2011, 45 percent of the unit case volume of Coca-Cola Amatil consisted of Trademark Coca-Cola Beverages. According to Coca-Cola the ownership of bottling companies helps them reduce costs and make the product more available throughout the world. In the next five years the company has committed to invest $30 billion i n their bottling companies. (Coca-Colas Annual Report, 2011).Coca-Colas innovation in products can be classified as one of its most dynamic capability. They always try to recreate and renew their products. The company holds around 500 products. (Coca-Colas Annual Report, 2011). Their innovation philosophy is 70/20/10. They invest 70 of their resources in living products, 20% in innovations related to existing products and 10% in pure innovation. (Forbes, 2012). The newest products launched into the markets are mini cans of 7.5 ounces and has further 90 gram calories. Another new product is Sprite Green, naturally sweeten Truvia, every 8.5 ounce helping has 50 calories and 5% lemon juice. (World of Cola, 2012).Once analyzed all of Coca-Colas resources and core capabilities, the next mensuration is to use the VRIN model, which consists in externally analyzing the firms resources and dynamic capabilities to see if these are useful to generate sustainable competitive advantage. VRIN stands for Value, Rarity, Inimitability and Non-Substitutability. (Barney, 1991). Nevertheless some authors such as, McEcily and Chakravarthy (2002), believe that the framework lacks semantic logic that account for characteristics that impede certain activities in the firm at the same time enhancing others.The value of resources can be determined if they can give a company competitive advantage at a cost that it allows the organization to have acceptable profits. (Johnson et al, 2011, p. 89). In case of Coca-Cola the company is very innovative this makes them the market leader. It always takes advantage of new market trends to develop new products and gain competitive advantage. In 1892, they were the first ones recognize about the change that consumers were getting more health conscious and introduced the Diet Coke, a low calorie beverage, which since then became the worlds top-selling low-calorie soft drink. (World of Coca-Cola, 2012)In terms of Rarity, rare capabilities are thos e that no or few firms posse. (Johnson et al, 2011, p. 89).According to Coca-Cola their brand value, brand loyalty and brand recognition are capabilities that no other firm holds in the industry. As stated before, their brand value is estimated at $ 77.8 billion and their logo is recognized by 94% of the world population. They have been holding this capability since many years which drives them sustainable competitive advantage. (Coca-Colas Annual report, 2011).Coca-cola resources can also be classified as inimitable. Their distribution system and bottling companies are so widely spread throughout the world, making their products available to customers everywhere at any time of the day. It is actually difficult for companies to have such wide distribution network as the costs would be genuinely high for a new firm trying to do this. (Forbes, 2012)Moreover, their secret formula of making coca-cola is considered as non substitutability resource. This is because it hasnt been discove red by any other soft drink company. Even apprehension there are substitutes available in the market none of them meet up to Coca-Colas judge or standard. (Coca-Colas Sustainability Report, 2011)In conclusion, Coca-Colas history, brand equity, people, distribution network, secret recipe, etc. are resources that are difficult to imitate, while being extremely valuable. The company constantly works to gain competitive advantage by developing healthier products as consumers are becoming more health conscious and by having big investments on marketing programs to have more consumer engagement. Even though Coca-Colas strategies and competitive advantage are extremely sustainable the company can face competition from healthier and more environmental friendly firms, which the company is trying to tackle by implementing the 2020 vision.The 2020 vision has 5 long-term objectives. The first one is energy conservation/climate change which consists in reducing by 15% carbon footprint. Second, sustainable packaging/recycling makes their packaging 100% recyclable. Third, water stewardship which consists in establishing a water sustainable operation in which they minimize the use of water and have neutral water impact on the local communities where they operate. The Fourth is product portfolio/wellbeing, they intent to provide healthier beverages for every lifestyle and occasion. Fifth, diverse and inclusive shade consists in creating a better work place to work every employee with a wide mutation of culture.