The Nature Of Security Market Efficiency And Then An...

This paper will discuss the nature of security market efficiency and then an application of understanding of stock market bubbles to a particular company. It will also develop and demonstrate an understanding of the topic area of capital market efficiency as well as apply theoretical understanding to the analysis of market information in the context of a company listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE). It will illustrate the information on distance from the assumption that financial markets perform well and price changes constantly demonstrate real data. Furthermore, this paper will also illustrate what episodes of volatile security price behavior mean for the notion that security markets work efficiently. On the other hand, the main reason of this paper is to prepare a critical literature review of the competing views that stock market bubbles undermine confidence in the Efficient Market Hypothesis. This will investigate the movements of the share price of Shenergy Ltd and of th e Shanghai Stock Exchange Composite Index generally in the light of information available to investors. Moreover, it will also define the actions and circumstances which may be related to share price movements and what has influenced share prices on the SSE over this time. This means, this will explain regarding the share price behavior that have been observed and confirms by any of the academic views encountered in literature review. Overview of the company Shenergy Group Company Limited isShow MoreRelatedIs fundamental analysis redundant in the period straight after (2007 to2009) the Global Financial Crisis (GFC)?2755 Words   |  12 PagesTheory†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 2.2 Cash flow model†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..2 2.3 Qualitative factors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..2 2.4 Quantitative factors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 2.5 financial statement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 3. Application †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 3.1 Dow Jones †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 3.2 Company- Berkshire Hathaway INC†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦............. 6 3.2.1 Total assets turnover ratio†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. .7 3.2.2 Return on equity (ROE)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreBodie, Kane, Marcus Study Guide Essay40928 Words   |  164 Pagesinvestment types, the markets in which the securities trade and to investment companies. In this chapter the student is introduced to the general concept of investing, which is to forego consumption today so that future consumption can be preserved and hopefully increased in the future. Real assets are differentiated from financial assets, and the major categories of financial assets are defined. The risk/return tradeoff, the concept of efficient markets and current trends in the markets are introducedRead More123456787123 Words   |  29 PagesAPPENDIX II: ANALYSIS AND GRAPHS ....................................................................... 25 PAGE 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This study is being carried out to understand uncertainty by applying a concept of quantum physics to financial markets. 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Tuteja Submitted by: Sachin Garg F-045, MBA(FT) 2011-13 Faculty of Management Studies University of Delhi Delhi – 110007 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that this project report titled â€Å"Testing Seasonality in the Indian Stock Market†, submitted in partial fulfilment of theRead MoreInternational Capital Movement12205 Words   |  49 Pagesappreciation, stock market and real estate boom, reserve accumulation, monetary expansion as well as effect on production and consumption. The international capital flow such as direct and portfolio flows has huge contribution to influence the economic behavior of the countries positively. Countries with well developed financial markets gain significantly from Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The huge volume of capital flows and their influence on the domestic financial markets, understanding theRead MoreProject Report on Security Analysis15431 Words   |  62 PagesKARVY STOCK BROKING LIMITED A Project Report on SECURITY ANALYSIS (STOCK-PICKING STRATEGIES) Submitted To [pic] Punjab Technical University Jalandhar In Partial Fulfillment of the requirement of the award of, Masters of Business Administration. MBA SESSION: 2010-12 Project Guide:- Submitted By:- Mr. SUNIL PANDEY GAGAN DEEP VERMA Regional Head of Roll No. 105042249858 Karvy Stock BrokingRead MoreAudit: Auditing and Substantive Tests36648 Words   |  147 Pagesstrong than evidence collected at year end. Increasing detection risk means that the auditor can obtain less or weaker evidence. As a result, the auditor may be able to push the timing of substantive tests from year end to an interim date. | | D.   Nature of substantive tests from a less effective to a more effective procedure. | Question  #3  (AICPA.911104AUD-AU) |    | | Before accepting an audit engagement, a successor auditor should make specific inquiries of the predecessor auditor regarding Read MoreIpo : A Case Of Alibaba Ipo9878 Words   |  40 PagesBeijing, China 08 June 2015 ABSTRACT This thesis will elaborate and analyze the procedures and process in doing a cross-border IPO. Taking the practical sample of a giant Chinese E-commerce company Alibaba, who had a cross-listing in the New York stock Exchange (NYSE) on 19th Sept. 2014. This paper will cover about the general IPO and Alibaba’s IPO in details, taking into account all reasons and considerations taken in deciding each and every step in the IPO process. From why and how they decidedRead MoreTestbook Answers112756 Words   |  452 Pagesrisk-neutral valuation. Under these conditions, the market will force a beginning of year valuation of the firm such that the expected net income is 10% of this value. To illustrate, the present value of the firm at time 0 is $260.33 and expected net income is $26.03 for year 1. Similarly, the present value of the firm at time 1 is $236.36 or $336.36 depending on state realization, and expected net income for year 2 is $23.64 or $33.64. In each case the market expects the firm to earn 10% on opening valueRead MoreGuide to Stock-Picking Strategies14022 Words   |  57 PagesGuide to Stock-Picking Strategies http://www.investopedia.com/university/stockpicking/ Thanks very much for downloading the printable version of this tutorial. As always, we welcome any feedback or suggestions. http://www.investopedia.com/contact.aspx Table of Contents 1) Introduction 2) Fundamental Analysis 3) Qualitative Analysis 4) Value Investing 5) Growth Investing 6) GARP Investing 7) Income Investing 8) CANSLIM 9) Dogs of the Dow 10) Technical Analysis 11) Conclusion Introduction When

The Conflicted Linda Loman in Arthur Millers Death of a...

The Conflicted Linda Loman in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman Watching a solitary blade of grass will never tell you the direction of hurricane, just as one characteristic can never describe Linda Loman. In Death of a Salesman, Linda Loman is a woman torn between guilt, retaliation, and pity. Her guilt stems from the fact that she prevented Willy from pursuing his true American Dream; she retaliates in response to Willys failure; she feels sorry for Willy, because he is a pitiful lone adventurer of the road (47). As the battling motivations blow from opposing directions, the reader is left to decide to which one motivation Linda will succumb. Willy is a source of guilt for Linda, because, in part, she blames herself for†¦show more content†¦Willy undermines her authority with the boys. He denies any negative comments out of her mouth when their children are discussed. He interrupts her. He shouts at her. Linda reacts with veiled hostility to Willy?s disrespect. She laughs at the idea of planting a garden, pointing to Willy?s past failures at growing a garden. Every time Linda pokes at his failures, she is retaliating against Willy?s failures and the fact that she has been pulled into Willy?s dead end dream against her will. When Linda refers to Willy as a little boat looking for a harbor, another wind blows against Linda, pushing her to act with pity (1247). To her, he is nothing more than a small, helpless old man. She blames the business for forgetting Willy in his old age, and passing him over like an orange peel. Toward the end of Act I, Linda presents a sorry image of Willy, describing his past greatness as a salesman and ending with a sad description of treachery. She tells her sons that Willy is exhausted from driving 1400 miles without earning a penny, and that his reward from the ones he loved the most, his sons, is spite and rejection (1237). The picture she paints of her husband is on filled with pity and sorrow. All the motivations conflict with each other constantly. On one hand, Linda more than loves her husband, she admires him (1213). She wants to follow his dreams to the end, but at the same timeShow MoreRelatedDeath of a Salesman Directors Vision1128 Words   |  5 Pagesproduction of Arthur Miller’s classic â€Å"Death of a Salesman.† As the title suggests, the book is about the death of a salesman named Willy Loman. However, through my production, it is not the inevitable ending that will be remembered by the audience. It will be the processes that led to Willy’s conflicted mind that will resonate in the audience’s mind. The underlying values of blind faith in the American dream and the narrow-minded definition of success, which are exemplified in Willy Loman, combine toRead MoreArthur Miller s Death Of A Salesman And The Crucible2615 Words   |  11 Pagestimes. Arthur Miller’s writing style focuses on how his characters deal with external and in ternal problems and how their reactions to these problems reflect their characterization. Arthur Miller uses external conflict, internal conflict, and indirect characterization, in Death of a Salesman and The Crucible, to show how ideas of society do not always agree with the ideas and beliefs of others which can lead to a fatal action. There are three major external struggles brought forth in Miller’s novelRead More The Character of Uncle Ben in Death of a Salesman Essay2550 Words   |  11 PagesThe Character of Uncle Ben in Death of a Salesman The character of Ben in Arthur Millers Death of A Salesman serves a complex dramatic function.   He is Willy Lomans real brother, the idealized memory of that brother, and an aspect of Willys own personality, and these distinct functions are sometimes simultaneous.   Through his aggressive actions and vibrant speech, the audience is given a strong contrast to Willys self-doubt and self-contradiction.   In addition, the encounters between Ben

Globalization and Its Effect on The Environment

Question: Write an essay onGlobalization. Answer: Introduction: The term globalization was not that popular before the 1990s as it is now. This shows primarily the economic system through which the manufactured goods, raw materials, intellectual property and transaction takes place across the borders under the super vision of an international trade authority. This has also resulted in the homogenisation of the culture and the language, which resulted in the inflow of money, ideas and materials. Though there was enough strength in the strategy, yet the economic strategy was not that understood effectively. The reason for this was that the strategies they were indirect in nature. This is seen to be true for the effects related to environment. The globalization is sometimes termed as inexorable which tends to lead to the final state where the large commerce they dominate the world under the regulatory bodies. These bodies are not run by the ecologists and the environmentalist so they are not aware the effect of the increased level of globalization o n the environment. There has been a rapid spread of globalization and this effect on the natural area and the remote human communities is comprehensive in the undeveloped and the developed countries. In this article, the impact of globalization on the environment and sustainability has been discussed in much detail. Globalization: Reason for environmental damage The term Globalization is used commonly with the increasing international trade; there has been a rapid production, consumption of the trade of the goods in unlimited quantities. This has led to weighing of the ecological footprints of the activities of the human around the globe. There are some areas where the effect is obvious where as is some cases it is difficult in suspect. Increasing GHG emissions: The changes in the climate are one of the serious environmental problems. It is very difficult to predict it how it is going to be developed and what the consequences that can be. The causes of it are well known. The main reason for the changes in the climate is due to the greenhouse effect. The main sources of the emissions of CO2 are transportation, industrial production and deforestation. These three activities exist independently of the globalization but the development during the 20th century has accelerated the environmental depletion as this is linked to that of the globalisation. Globalization promotes CO2 emission from the transport and industrial activities: Transport system is a critical driver of globalization and this has multiplied with that of the international trade. The emissions within the national borders are very high but the opening of the regional borders has led to a strong boost in the road freight transport. Transnational road transport and piggybacking has been a huge source of carbon dioxide emissions. The most important mode of transport i.e. the aeroplanes has increased the emissions of the global green house gases by 86% during the period 1990 and 2004. The aviations sector is responsible for the emission of the green house gases by 4 to 9%, the sea transport is swallows 2 to 4% of the fuel each year. The increase in the domestic traffic has caused environmental harm. There are also many other factors apart from globalization is seen to affect the increasing traffic in the international trade. The Industrial Revolution has helped to spurt globalization in the economy. There has been rapid growth of the industries due to the investment and growth across the borders. This is held to be as a major source of the emissions of carbon dioxide. The generation of electricity still requires oil and the burning of the coal. The intensified globalization led to the rapid global warming and increased the level of the green house effect. The developed countries of the world with the rapid industrialization has become as one of the biggest polluters across the world, which has helped in increasing the green house gas emissions. 20% of the green house gas emissions is contributed by the United States. The emerging countries, which are developing rapidly, are also major emitters of the carbon dioxide gases. Industrialization in many countries in Asia was mainly due to the globalization but this has happened at the expense of the environment. China to meet their energy needs is opening new coal plants every week as coal is the cheapest and available in abundant. This is also major source of pollution. The rapid urbanization and transport fleet in the nation of China has made it a largest emitter of the carbon dioxide gas and was ahead of the United States in the year 2007. There are steps taken by China for the use of the renewable source of energy. The emerging countries they tend to buy more through the mass consumptio n, which is linked to the globalization. This reveals that for the years to come the emissions of the Green house gases is likely to increase each year. Globalization encourages Deforestation: The indirect cause of the effect of the green house is the deforestation. The plants converts the CO2 emissions into oxygen but the increase in the amount of logging and clearing of the plants has increased the carbon dioxide emissions in the air. This has resulted in the added green house effect. Deforestation has led to the 20 % of the increased green house gas emissions in the atmosphere. 3% of the forest cover was lost during 1990-2005. Approximately 200 km square of the forest cover is seen to deplete each day. Deforestation has mainly occurred due to the conversion of the forest in the agricultural land, which is seen in the developing countries. For example, Brazil is mainly an exporter of the agricultural commodities in the past decade. Brazils export plummeted from 15000 to 6 million tonnes during 1996-2005 much of this was due to the deforestation of the region of the rain forest for the purpose of cultivation. The impact of deforestation is not felt by the environment alone but is also seen to affect also the people. The impact of global warming is severe in the poor regions. The UN has noted the increasing level of scarcity of water and desertification. By the year 2060, 90 million hectares of the land in the Sub Saharan Africa would be turning out to be sterile. In the next 70 years, 1.8 billion people might lack access to fresh waterThe risk mainly lies for the areas of Northern China, Central Asia and Andes. Global warming might be one of the main causes for the increase in the number of the natural disaster like the storms, hurricanes and floods in the recent times. During 2000-2004, approximately 262 million people were affected by the natural disaster. This also led to the loss of species of about 20% to 30% as there was sudden spurt in the temperature by 3 degree Celsius Apart from the effect of global warming the activities of human being has left an important mark on the ecosyste ms around the world. Effect of globalization on sustainability: Economic Growth: The globalization has led to the economic growth all round the world. The mobility in the selling and the providing market through the economical, the political globalization has led to increased levels of division of labour, and the focus is on the main competences of the individuals at all the levels. The transnational companies they tend to provide the goods with the better quality than the competition or they are seen to cooperate with some of the companies so that they are able to offer products at a very lower price. In Switzerland, the PTT was in charge of the telecommunication and post but their successors i.e. Die Post and Swisscom they concentrated their work on the logistic business and communication services. There is now more number of employees working who are able to develop their own potentials. The people in Switzerland they used to work in the Swiss companies previously now there are many other foreign companies for whom they are working. The exchange of the specifi c types of the services and goods has led to the prosperity worldwide. It was seen that in the last decade there has been an increase in the production of the goods by 45% as per the records of World Bank. The developing countries they are able to grow quite faster since the year 1965. The growth has originated in the countries South Africa, Russia, India, China and Brazil. Reduction of Poverty and Increasing inequality in Income: The period under the globalization i.e. 1990 up to 2004 the percentage of the people around the world that used to stay with less than a US dollar a day has fallen from 1.25 billion to less than 1 billion. The goal of reducing the level of poverty by the year 2015 is seen to be a reachable goal. The progress was mainly due to the reduction of poverty in China. In case of the Sub Saharan Africa the number of poor people has increased by 60 million but the percentage of increase has decreased by 41%. There has been a rise in the differences in the income levels around the world. When considering the world as a single country, 20% of the richest of the world population would be holding almost three quarters of the income of the world while the poorest bracket would consist the 40%. The World Bank has warned about the economic upswings has resulted in the increase in the income inequalities and this has increased the polarization of the wealth. The income inequalities were more prominent in the Asian countries. The globalization in the industrial states was more pronounced. The number of working poor is increasing and the salary of the managers of the industrialised countries has increased almost 40 timesThe implication is that the richer countries are getting richer while the poorer countries are left out. Ecological Effect: There are companies and the people who are seen to produce the goods and the services, which are best at the given circumstances and with the global trade will be able to contribute higher rate of prosperity. This can however also lead to monotony. The production of a single type of crop on land will lead to infertility of the soil. The huge production of the bio mass energy from the production will lead to decline in the bio diversity but the energy plants was built to save the environment. The rapid use of the natural resources and monoculture has caused challenges in the ecological front and this has led to the increase in the global production, trade and consumption. As per the Earth Policy Institute, with an increase in the annual income of China by 8% and with population of 1.45 billion it is likely that by 2031 there will be same per capita income for USA in 2004. If a person, of China, they try to copy the consumption patterns of the USA then they are likely to own three cars per four inhabitant rather than 1. The main problem in the near future due to the globalization is the ecological problem. Conclusion: The prediction of the disruption and demise of the globalization is much easier than devising of the strategies for coping with the upheavals of the environment. The physical environment includes the physical environment i.e. The increase carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, changes in the global temperature, uneven distribution of the rainfall, rise in the sea level and all this is dealt based on ad hoc. There have been massive changes in the biological environment like the extinction of the exotic species as there is more stress being done on the economic resources. Globalization tends to be a vector of environmental solution as well. There will be green technologies with the use of the globalization of research and trade. The conservation of the environment is compatible with the development when there is globalization. Global warming is a cause of the globalization and so there is a need for the government of each country to take steps towards reducing it. References: AndreÃÅ' osso-O'Callaghan B and Herrmann P,The Transformation Of Asia In A Global Changing Environment(Nova Science Publishers 2012) Anner M, 'Globalization And Labor Rights: Assessing The Impact' (2012) 14 International Studies Review Brunelle T, Dumas P and Souty F, 'The Impact Of Globalization On Food And Agriculture: The Case Of The Diet Convergence' (2014) 23 The Journal of Environment Development Button K and Vega H,Globalization And Transport(Edward Elgar 2012) Carmin J and Agyeman J,Environmental Inequalities Beyond Borders(MIT Press 2011) 'Estimating The Impact Of Globalization On International Competitiveness: A Multidimensional Approach' (2012) 11 China-USA Business Review Ezcurra R, 'Is There A Link Between Globalization And Governance?' (2012) 30 Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy Frick J and Laugen B,Advances In Production Management Systems(Springer 2012) Hamilton L and Webster P,The International Business Environment(Oxford University Press 2012) House-Soremekun B and Falola T,Globalization And Sustainable Development In Africa(University of Rochester Press 2011) Newell P,Globalization And The Environment(Polity 2012) Newell P,Globalization And The Environment(Wiley 2013) Social Security For Social Justice And A Fair Globalization(International Labour Office 2011) Strobl P and Kohler M,The Phenomenon Of Globalization(Peter Lang, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften 2013) Tsai P, Huang C and Yang C, 'Impact Of Globalization On Income Distribution Inequality In 60 Countries: Comments' (2012) 12 Global Economy Journal Yankuzo K, 'Impact Of Globalization On The Traditional African Cultures' (2013) 15 ILSHS

The Influence of Media on Teenagers Diet free essay sample

The Influence of Media on Obese Teenager’s Diet Introduction Media influence Food product choice is overwhelming as well as TV commercials and print advertisements that want to sell their food products to us. Who to believe? How to choose? Do you trust what is shown to you? Obviously, it’s up to each of us to decide what we eat but if we’re constantly bombarded with images of food every time we pick up a magazine then we’re going to be swayed in what we choose. The advertising of snack and so called junk foods to young people  is being blamed for an obesity epidemic in the United States and elsewhere. Is advertising to blame? Are there other factors going on? How does advertising, for example, work to target young people? Many parents report that they base their decisions about selection of fast food, snack food, and new breakfast cereals on their teens preferences, and parents cite TV as an influence on these preferences. We will write a custom essay sample on The Influence of Media on Teenagers Diet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Teens are a vulnerable population for a lucrative market, and advertisers in the media often target specific campaigns directly at them. Statement of the Problem â€Å"Television and magazines have been shown to have considerable influence on teens choice of foods that leads to obesity†. Kids today are bombarded with marketing everywhere they go. They see advertisements on the radio, TV and the Internet, in magazines, on school buses, and even in the classroom through news programs produced for schools. In fact, child-targeted advertisement exceeds $15 billion per year. Most of the food advertisements are for fast foods, breakfast cereals, snacks and candies that are high in sugar, salt and fat and nutritionally inadequate. These are the common problems mostly encountered by parents in maintaining healthy diet for their children, especially teenagers nowadays. These are all cause of media influence on their diet. This research will study all the necessary facts and information that associates media on teenager’s diet. Significance of the study As the title implies, this study aims to define why and how media influences teenager’s diet, more particularly with their food choices. Because good nutrition starts at the early stage of our life it is important that we can solve early the possible causes of nutritional impairment which is often cause by lifestyle. This study will focus more on teenagers because most of the time, they spend their eating hours outside their home without the supervision of adults. Moreover this study will be beneficial to students and their parents in defying media as a threat to teenagers’ health and what methods  of persuasion  are being used to sell products and to promote  brands to the youngest viewers. And importantly this will educate us about the marketing strategy of food industries in exploiting us to their appealing advertisements and help us to have enough knowledge about food analysis. And lastly as future nutritionist, this short term study will able us to understand the teenager’s diet and this gives us opportunity to be a positive role model when it comes to making nutritious choices. Scope and Delimitations of the Study This study was delimited to the observation, questioning, investigation; analysis and evaluation of media impact, aimed to know its effect on obese teenagers’ diet. Furthermore, the study was confined to getting the responses of parents and student respondents. The study involved the students of Fatima University and some High School along Valenzuela. We included parents- respondents and make extra effort to interact and to go through the investigation process. We also observe shoppers on groceries and ask them how they come out with their decisions what to include in their shopping cart. We also asked the participation of our group member, Princess Domingo to be the subject on our case study, and observe how food advertisements affect her diet. Hypothesis 1. That food advertising affects eating behavior of obese teens. 2. That brand preference on food affects food choices. 3. Watching while snacking increases risk for obesity and other nutrition related diseases. 4. Nutrition marketing is used on labels of foods that are high in saturated fat, sodium, and/or sugar. 5. Food manufacturers link diet to obesity risks in advertising and labeling. 6. Shoppers onsider food advertisements on choosing foods they will pick on groceries mostly leads to obesity. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK * Television * Magazines * Newspaper * Internet * Billboards * Restaurant’s leaflets * Risk for diseases * Low self esteem * Poor performances on physical activity * Insecurities o Obesity FIGURE 1 The paradigm illustrates that media such as television, magazines, newspapers, internet, billboa rds and restaurant’s leaflets are factors that influence obesity in teenagers. And obesity resulted to health risks, low self esteem, poor performances on physical activity and insecurities.

The Play Amadeus free essay sample

The Play Amadeus Is Mainly Concerned with the Destructive Nature of The play Amadeus Is Mainly Concerned With the Destructive Nature of Jealousy This passage is all too true, both in Peter Shaffer Amadeus and in life in general. However the play is also concerned with the destructive nature of ignorance and naivety. Saltier is Jealous not Just of Mozart talent, but of the fact that God gave the talent to Mozart 0 spiteful, gingering, conceited, Infantile Mozart.He is envious of he vessel of Gods laughter at the patron saint of mediocrity as he had dubbed himself. Not only did God double-cross Sellers, but he did it using this obscene child. It was this jealousy and the rage it inspired that caused Saltier to attempt to kill Mozart by starving him of work and students, and thus, money and food. If Saltier had not restricted the amount of work actually shown to the general public, then Mozart could have been wealthy, and quite possibly selected as the new Experimentalist. We will write a custom essay sample on The Play Amadeus or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mozart doesnt understand the importance of pleasing members of the Viennese court. He has no comprehension of the value of money, for when he successfully earns any, he spends it on lavish food and clothes immediately, instead of saving it. He spends all his time churning out music in final copy, which, although beautiful, doesnt earn money as would teaching music. Mozart Is really the one who should be Jealous. As he has little In the way of money or assets, or even respect. All he has is his talent and his priceless music, but not the sense he needs to capitalist on it. It isnt the fact that someone has more talent than him, the problem is, as he sees it, that he Isnt as good as someone else after making a bargain with God, which should guarantee that he is the best In the world at least until he dies. But no, l know myself forever mediocre he cries as he realizes that the gift given to him by God only exists to allow him to recognize the greatness and incomparable beauty of the music of God. It is at this moment he resolves to condemn God in everything he does.He cancels all his appointments to help poor musicians, to break his vow of social virtue. He then seduces Katherine Cavalier to break his vow of sexual virtue. He makes the conscious decision to destroy God through Mozart In everything he does. He declares Cod, through Mozart, to be Unwelcome Teeter, the eternal enemy. HIS life Is now devoted to the destruction of God. I believe that Antonio Saltier is also Jealous of Gods ability to dole out talent as he sees fit, without Saltier being able to stand in his way.He has had enough! So he snaps, and attempts to destroy Mozart name and reputation, which wasnt that high to start with. HIS name wasnt Incredibly well known because only Saltier had the relied almost solely on the opinions of Herr Saltier, he was able to prevent Mozart music from becoming popular to a degree. He won his fight with God, but the knowledge lived in him still, he knew he would forever be, the patron saint, of mediocrity.

What Are the Essential Skills to Be Possessed by a Manager Essay Example

What Are the Essential Skills to Be Possessed by a Manager Essay Example What Are the Essential Skills to Be Possessed by a Manager Essay What Are the Essential Skills to Be Possessed by a Manager Essay What are the essential skills to be possessed by a manager? A:- In order to perform your role as a good manager, you need to possess and exhibit a range of skills to plan, control, organize, lead and take decisions of an organization. In this article I am giving a brief idea of those unique set of skills needed for a professional manager. Planning skills It’s often needed to define the future of an organization. Managers must be able to ensure that his company does exist in the future. Hence his planning skills include ability to Forecast future environment Think ahead Plot organizational objectivesChoose strategies to attain these objectives Reach their performance standards When an organization increases its complexity, it needs its managers to acquire skills as needed to fit the present needs of the system. Organizing skills Organizing process follows the planning process. Its skills can be broadly spelled as the ability to Analyze and describe various tasks Select, train a nd appoint people Define roles, authority and controls Change these working links whenever necessary and make these changes flexible It depends upon the managerial skills to achieve the best you can, with the limited resources available.Leading skills A leader must be able to know the values, personality, attitudes and perceptions of his subordinates. Value is an opinion or belief a person holds about something while personality is a sum up of personal traits of an individual. It’s determined by our physical constitution, beliefs and values he holds. Perception is how a person interprets something from what he see, smell or feel while attitude is a person’s behaviour to a particular event, situation or person. Though we can’t observe it directly, we can observe its consequences.Attitudes can be learned and have three aspects – cognitive, affective and behaviourial. manageskills2 Controlling skills It consists of actions and decisions which managers undert ake to ensure that outputs obtained are consistent with desired ones. Any difference between the actual and planned results must be corrected by management by taking appropriate actions. So, a management has a pre-determined standard according to which outputs are needed to be checked. manageskills1 Decision making skills They are related to planning process and pervade all other modules of managerial skills.A manager’s skills and effectiveness lies in making appropriate and timely decisions most suited to that particular situation. Sometimes repetitive or routine problems are involved which are to be verified periodically. So, at the end of all the above managerial skills, you may be able to know the overall skills of a manager. Also, there are different levels of managers – first level managers, having the direct contact with the employees, middle level managers to whom the first level managers report, comparatively less in number than first level managers and top le vel managers who are the overall decision makers of the company.Managerial skills at various levels These skills refer to the ability of managers at different managerial levels of the system hierarchy. Katz in 1974 categorized managerial skills into three types. Technical skill It’s the ability to work with resources in a particular area of expertise. For example, a lab assistant must know his subject well, to help the project students. An accountant should know everything about accounts and balance sheet and a surgeon should be well expert in surgery.In a small manufacturing organization, top boss should have a clear idea of technology skills. Very often, training programs can help employees to expertise in technical skills. Human skill It deals with the ability of a manager to work effectively among his group of members, interact well and take suitable decisions to lead them from front. Communication skill of a manager is very important. Also, to provide a better working at mosphere for his subordinates, a manager is needed to possess certain human skills and it can be developed without any formal training. Conceptual skillIt’s the ability to see organization as a whole and recognizing relationships or links of different modules within the system. Also, it identifies the impact of changes of one module affecting other modules, it may be one or two or a group. As a manager you need to view situations and determine the inter-related factors. Also, his ability to co-ordinate and integrate a variety of factors is very important. Top management skills No doubt, top management has to run the organization as a whole and hence they need some special, distinct management skills to control the whole organization.Most important of them include Building a strong and efficient team of people at the middle management level and should encourage his subordinates to learn some of his management skills as well. Need to monitor and review the functioning of an org anization at different time intervals and check if the outputs are matching the already set targets. Keep in touch and share ideas with planners, policy makers and intellectual and skilled people of the organization. To find competent human resources to fit their organization and encourage and appreciate them in the form of rewards if needed.Develop a distinct and special skill to make you different from others and prompt others to follow you. You can even guide your subordinates by sharing your experiences and piece of knowledge. Thus skills of a manager is essentially two ways – functional, which involves planning, organizing, leading, controlling and decision making and skills of managers involving technical, human and conceptual. Through this article, I have given a brief description of managerial skills needed for an organization.

Virtual Private Network Tools Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Virtual Private Network Tools - Term Paper Example This research tells that VPNs create a virtual tunnel over the publicly available internet through the use of symmetric encryption. Common encryption and decryption keys which are used to encrypt all traffic in both directions are shared by both sides of the tunnel. In addition to the provision of an alternative to the use of the proxy server for remote access to campus resources, VPN also ensures secure methods to authenticate to the campus wireless network hence data security through the use of encryption technologies such as PPTP, L2TP, IPSec, and SOCKS. For a smooth establishment and maintenance of a virtual private network, one is required to have appropriate networking software and hardware installed in their computers and the local network. VPN software enables a client to join a private network as if they are at a local computer within the network despite the physical distance the client might be away from the network. This software ensures the security of the private network through the use of cryptographic tunneling protocols to ensure confidentiality and message integrity. In order to completely set up a virtual private network, certain software and hardware tools known as the VPN tools are necessary.T his paper discusses in depth four VPN tools namely, OpenVPN, Cisco VPN Client, LogMeIn Hamachi, and Windows built-in VPN. OpenVPN is an open source software application for virtual private network implementation, meaning it can be downloaded and used for free. Its main role is to securely tunnel encrypted data from the server to the client or client to the server through a single port over an unsecured network. Its popularity among VPN users comes from the fact that it’s a multi-platform application that supports different platforms unlike most of the other VPN software applications. It

Strategic Management of Health Care Organizations Essay - 2

Strategic Management of Health Care Organizations - Essay Example o not use adaptive strategies to increase profits; they can use them to insure and increase future funding, program effectiveness, and client satisfaction (McNamara, 2007). However, are formal program evaluations necessary in organizations funded by federal and state resources? According to Milstein and Wetterhall (1999), evaluations are â€Å"essential†, despite that fact they are not preformed a regular basis. McNamara (2007) seems to agree with Milstein and Wetterhall and discusses myths of program evaluation and suggests these myths have caused a reduction in program evaluations. The first myth addresses the thought of too much â€Å"useless data† (McNamara, 2007). Often there uncertainties in what program information is necessary for an effective evaluation and useless information is collected (McNamara, 2007). However, during program planning, evaluation methods can be determined to avoid uncertainties and aid in a continual process of program evaluation by using outcome measures. The information gained using outcomes can assist in determining adaptive strategies for the organization (Ginter et al., 2002 and McNamara, 2007). For example, if an organization provides transportation for clients and outcome measures indicate that many clients are not able to use this program due to space limitation, the organization may consider expanding the scope of their transportation program. The second myth is the success and failure of a program (McNamara, 2007). Many individuals look at program evaluation as black and white, either right or wrong. On the contrary, effective program evaluation methods assist in identifying the strengths and weakness of a program. Evaluations can assist the organization in troubleshooting the weaknesses and strengthening the overall program. Using the previous example, the evaluation allowed the organization to see strengths and weakness in the transportation program. The community took advantage of the transportation program (strength)

Group Development Application Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Group Development Application - Assignment Example The workforce that companies, businesses, and foundations have is the first if not the key factor in any start up. This means, selecting the right skills, right professionals, and the right advice for the foundation. To collect data at the initial start of the project, the foundation will hire 100 employees on a one-off contract basis. These personnel will be responsible for data collection, analysis and drawing out conclusions. They will be composed of professional qualitative data research and analyst who are unit leaders. The other 70 personnel are capable elites that will not take us a century to train. Another group will be operating at our head office located in the capital city Nairobi. They are composed of 50 professionals and 15 casual workers hired on permanent terms and conditions. Professionals workers from a variety of fields including human resource managers, accountants, field agents and counselors among other staff that will come up handy, of importance and goes along the mission statement. We have to maintain a high standard service code to be able to succeed. To justify utilization of different groups of this vastness is that it involves duties that need the utmost teamwork and understanding. There are skilled personnel and the casuals that work in the organization. Groupings of personnel are done that is comprised of personnel from various regions and backgrounds. The entire team has to work together. A mixture of workers will submit duties, when there is a need to respond to certain special needs. Without which my leadership is doomed (Coetzer, 2007) Challenges are inevitable wherever we are on the face of the world. We need to hope for challenges only when we are ready. As a leader, I will learn to handle challenges accompanying such groupings. Time and again teams will have frictions here and there. Given that people are made of who, where, how, and what experience and natural

Effect of Surveillance on Autonomy and Greed

Effect of Surveillance on Autonomy and Greed Discussion The research hypothesis of this study stated that when individuals were under surveillance, they would feel a lack of autonomy or more controlled. Therefore, participants would subsequently demonstrate a higher level of greed, in comparison to those not under surveillance. This was supported by the ideas of SDT about autonomy being a fundamental psychological need, and so resulting in adverse consequences when not attained. The results derived from this research were not significant, indicating that no effects were found in either condition and therefore do not support the initial research prediction. Although not significant, data suggestive of a trend was found for ‘decision’ and ‘condition’ on negative affect. This demonstrated that participants who were in the experimental condition and kept all of their tickets (indicating a higher level of greed) showed increased levels of negative affect, compared to those who ‘gave some’ tickets. This could be interpreted as the individuals feeling guilt or other negative emotions about their decision when under surveillance. This may indicate that surveillance has an effect on negative feelings, following behaviour. Similarly, although no significant results were found, a trend suggests that participants who kept all their tickets in the experimental condition experienced a decrease in their just world beliefs. This demonstrates that those individuals who showed higher levels of greed under surveillance subsequently lacked beliefs in a just world, in comparison to the other participants. This may coincide with the trend found for negative affect implying that those participants under surveillance, who kept all tickets, had more feelings of negative affect and lower beliefs in a just world. Regardless of these trends, it has to be emphasised that the effects are not significant so the alleged effect is not concrete. One explanation for the lack of significance found within the trends may be due to the sample size, which was limited to eighty participants. If a larger sample size was obtained then the trends found may potentially be more powerful. A possible recommendation for future research could be a replication of this study using a greater sample size, to test whether this trend is more prevalent. As the initial predictions are not supported by the results, they do not support the notions implied by SDT; stating that autonomy is one of the crucial needs that needs to be attained. The current results may also suggest that surveillance is not as controlling as previously implied (Lepper and Greene, 1975), as individuals may still feel autonomous when under surveillance. Alternatively, it may be that the individuals did not notice the cameras. During the study phase, participants were asked whether or not they noticed surveillance – both the cameras and signs. When they did not take notice, which occurred frequently, participants often added comments implying that they had grown accustomed to this surveillance. This aligns with the initial thoughts that there is an abundance of cameras in society, perhaps suggesting an over-usage of the surveillance. These comments alongside the lack of awareness of the cameras can be interpreted as an element of desensitisation to the sur veillance. As the earlier quote by Home Office mentioned, individuals become so familiar with the cameras, that they are no longer something out of the ordinary; therefore if unnoticed, their purpose may not be as effective. This also corresponds with findings from the earlier mentioned studies where the surveillance became ineffective after a time lag (Web and Laycock, 1992). In addition to this, a study conducted by Tilley (1993) observing the power of surveillance in various car parks found that publicity of the surveillance was necessary for it to be effective. Therefore the use of CCTV needs to be directly brought to an individual’s attention for an effect to occur. This coincides with the notion of familiarity with the cameras earlier stated, suggesting that individuals may need some sort of reminder or prompt to be aware of the surveillance. Prior research has supported the assumptions made by SDT and the general prediction that a lack of autonomy will affect behaviour. Particularly, Cozzolino et al., (2015) used the same measure of greed as the current study, alongside a measure of indirect aggression, finding that surveillance elicited higher levels of greed and aggression. However, Cozzolino et al’s., (2015) study included the usage of more than one experimental task, which may explain the results. The antecedent task provoking aggression may enhance the general demeanour of the participant, prompting individuals to display greed. This may provide an explanation as to why results differed from this current research, as the economic trust task was measured independently. Self-concept is an important phenomenon to be observed in relation to this primary study. Individuals tend to seek approval from others and feel the need to ensure that they have a positive self-concept, as they prefer to feel better about themselves. This was illustrated by Swann Jr. and Read (1980) who observed the values of self-concept over a series of experiments. Their results indicated that self-concept was of high significance to individuals as participants sought to verify it through others. Lower levels of greed are likely to contribute to a positive self-concept; therefore this need for verification of self-concept may be a contributing factor to their behaviour in the current study. Thus, individuals may have altered their answers intentionally for this reason. Despite being ensured confidentiality, experimenter effects may have occurred, causing the individual to be more sceptical of possible judgement from the experimenter. They may not have wanted to display their actu al desire to show a higher level of greed, fearful of the impression they may make on the experimenter, therefore portraying actions that they think may be expected of them, more accepted, or more aligned with their self-concept. In addition to this the Theory of Reasoned Action (Fishbein and Ajzen, 1980) may contribute to the notion that individuals behaved in a way that they believed met societal expectations. This theory proposes that individuals have two different types of motivation, one of which is subjective norms; this is perceived social pressure to execute certain behaviours. In this case, subjective norms would point to acts of less greed (as this is more socially acceptable) which may explain the decision made by individuals in this study. Participants may be more influenced by their subjective norms than any other factors, causing them to behave differently. Interestingly Haley and Fessler (2005) observed the effect of evoked observability on pro-social behaviour through various different methods. These researchers measured levels of generosity using an economic game task, similar to that of the current study. This study provided a visual cue to make individuals feel as though they were being observed. This was in the form of stylised eye representations on the background of the computer they were completing the task on. Although this differs to the primary study conducted, the use of eye spots may make individuals feel as though they are under control, or that they are being ‘watched.’ They found that in the eye spot condition, in comparison to control, allocations were 55% higher, therefore displaying higher levels of generosity. This illustrates alternative effects to those initially predicted in the primary study, Haley and Fessler expected individuals to be more generous when in the eye spot condition, which was found. Perhaps it should be reconsidered which types of behaviour are usually demonstrated when ‘being watched’ as pro-social behaviour may be more prevalent than anti-social behaviours predicted by this primary study. While it has been strongly implied that surveillance can be perceived as a form of social control (causing individuals to lose their autonomy), this control itself may infer different effects. When being watched, individuals may feel that they need to act in a certain way. They may be reluctant to portray their genuine feelings or actions as they are afraid of what those surveying may think. When not under surveillance individuals are likely to act more freely as a result of feeling less pressured by subjective norms, and therefore are able to behave more genuinely. Moreover, individual’s actions may be more likely to be of an authentic nature, reflecting their intrinsic motivations. This coincides well with the trends found, implying that surveillance may inflict feelings of negative affect. Individuals may only feel guilt about their decision because of the judgement they may face from ‘being watched.’ Another possible limitation which may have arisen with this study may be placed with the methodology. As stated the study involved an economic trust task, measuring levels of greed on the basis of the raffle tickets. Firstly, this task may lack an element of ecological validity as the situation that individuals were placed in with this task may be perceived as unrealistic. It is unlikely that individuals would be asked to decide the allocation of raffle tickets; therefore it may not reflect real life behaviour. In addition to this, the environment in which the task was completed may also be considered less ecologically valid, being in a room with a computer and an experimenter close by. This may be a possible explanation as to why significant results were not found, as the task was not representative of a real-life situation, mirroring real behaviour. Furthermore, another methodological concern may be the format of the study. Participants were told that they were matched with another participant who made the tickets available to them; however they may not have believed that there was another participant involved. The sample included a generous amount of psychology students, who may have more insight and so are aware that these studies often involve an element of deception. Therefore they may have displayed a higher level of greed, regardless of surveillance, if they realised that there was no other participant. To improve this further studies could account for this in different ways. Firstly, using a sample of students from different departments, or not using a student population may affect findings, as they are unlikely to have prior background knowledge about experiments of this nature. Additionally it could be made more plausible that there is another participant involved. Future studies may have the other participant wait in t he same area as the current participant, or have a confederate pretend to be the ‘other’ participant. This may make it more believable to the participant, and may evoke the effect initially expected. Trying to gain the insight of someone else is a difficult task, which is one that has been challenged in this study. The evidence found for these various measures used such as the feelings of control involve introspective awareness, observing the understanding of others. As earlier stated, the Cronbach’s alpha for these measures were not consistent, therefore it has to be questioned whether it is possible to rely completely on the use of these measures as they tend to involve an element of inconsistency. Despite a consistent level of non-significance in the current study, the notion of social control is still very plausible. Previous research has delved into this phenomenon, such as the well-known obedience experiment by Milgram (1963). It was found that participants obeyed the instructions of those who they perceived as having authority. This illustrates that this form of social control can have an effect on individual’s behaviour, altering it significantly. In the same way that surveillance works as social control in altering individual’s behaviour. It can be argued, from an alternative viewpoint that there is an evolutionary basis for greed. Evolution emphasises the importance of survival, to the next generation and to continue to pass down genes. Therefore greed can be interpreted as a means of survival, gaining the resources necessary from an evolutionary standpoint. This could be an alternative explanation for higher levels of greed being prevalent; individuals may not be affected by surveillance but have evolutionary needs that guide their behaviour. Frustration of psychological needs can be fatal and lead to adverse consequences, especially when observing the analysis of certain disorders. For example it has been suggested that a frustration of autonomy can lead to obsessive-compulsive disorder. Individuals feel they are being controlled or are unable to be in charge of themselves, so they control their environment instead. Similarly eating disorders is another form of the regaining of this control from an experience of lack of autonomy, as they tend to come from a very controlling environment. With more controlling and strict parents, individuals are more vulnerable to eating disorders. Without autonomy, individuals are more likely to develop psychopathology, as they defend against difficult experiences rather than overcoming them. Therefore it is important that further research is done to observe the implications that may derive from the thwarting of these needs, specifically autonomy. While no significant effects were found to support the suggested hypotheses of this current research, it is still crucial that further investigation takes place. An array of prior research has found prevalent effects demonstrating that surveillance can evoke feelings of powerlessness and that this lack of autonomy can be detrimental to individuals. Therefore additional research is necessary to find concrete evidence for the effects of surveillance.

Functions of Hobart Meat Slicer

The Hobart 2912 Automatic Meat Slicer Midterm Equipment Speech Today, I will be going into detail of how to use the Hobart 2912 automatic meat slicer. The main purpose of this object is to slice food items to your personal preference or thickness. It is important that all of the operating parts are in their correct positions before the product is in use. There are ten compartments that make up the meat slicer. They are the top knife cover, fence, carriage tray, retaining clip, meat grip, carriage tray handles, index knob, switch knob, gauge plate, and the latch knob.The operation of this product manually is pretty simple you just have to be very careful being that the slicer does have blades that will cut if you don’t use the product correctly. You must first make sure the gauge plate is closed; pull the carriage toward you until it stops. Next, you make sure the meat grip is out of the way and place the product that you plan on slicing on to the carriage tray. You then adjust the fence by loosening the thumb screw and sliding the fence close to the product and then tighten the thumb screw back up. After that, you set the meat grip against the product.Before plugging up the slicer, make sure the lever is positioned in manual. If you do not need the meat grip slide it to the top of its travel and rotate it under the carriage tray so it will not interfere with the slicing process. You then adjust the gauge plate by turning the knob to the desired thickness. The numbers on the knob are not approximate and are used only as guidelines. You turn the slicer on by using the switch knob until it turns on and then letting it go. Use the carriage tray to push the carriage back and forth manually to cut the product. You turn the product off by using the switch gauge as well.To operate this product automatically, you do the following. You rotate the speed selector dial to desired speed making sure the carriage is in a stable position. Make sure the level is in the ma nual position and pointing downward. You then rotate the lever to automatic. Any of the six speed selections can be used on automatic and adjusted at any time by rotating the dial. When you clean the slicer you should always make sure the slicer is unplugged. Remove the carriage plate and hand wash with a mild detergent and make sure you try the slicer completely. Pull on the black lock-nut to release the blade cover for washing.Make sure you are very careful with the blade cover because the edges are sharp. Turn the thickness dial counter clockwise this helps you cover more of the blade for cleaning. A soft cloth and mild detergent will get the job done when cleaning the blade and other items that can be taken apart, make sure you dry and reassemble after you wash. The manual provides you with helpful safety precautions that I mentioned throughout this detailed explanation. I hope this information was helpful to you and gave you information on how to use the Hobart 2912 Meat Slicer .

Youth in Indian Politics

India needs young leaders who personify energy, enthusiasm, morality, and diligence. No doubt we have progressed a lot in the last 65 years but the development pace would have been completely different had some young torchbearers led this process of development. At the time of independence, Gandhi called upon the youth to participate actively in the freedom movement. Young leaders like Nehru came and led the movement. But. nowadays we have only a handful of young leaders. The youth today are not interested in actively participating in the political field. They are content with what they are doing . Young people are not given opportunities to prove themselves because the politicians say that they are not equipped with experience to participate actively in the governance of the country. Old people should realize that proper development can take place only when they make way for younger people to enter in to politics I would like to suggest that there should be a retirement age for politicians. There should also be some educational qualification for politicians. How can we give the key to our country to those illiterates. The youth of our country, can contribute in areas like educating people, raising awareness about various social ills, and many other areas. Young people possess energy, but it should be channelized in the right direction. Misguided youth may do great harm to the society. Moreover, it is on the shoulders of the young that the future of the country rests, because they represent new values, new thinking and the new ways of life. Even our former president and eminent scientist Dr . APJ Abdul Kalam said that the youth should be a part of the politics, this will ensure the states growth and development Society should mould itself according to the thinking of the young because it is difficult for the older generation to have new thinking. The young should always look with hope and confidence to the future of the country. They must have the spirit to work among the masses and also give a sense of direction for the others to follow. In India we want to be free from poverty, disease and all types of divisive forces. Our political freedom must create conditions not only for better life but also for peace. The youth of India should be inspired with these ideas and make them as popular with the people . In fact the older generation becomes hardened in their thinking. So it is difficult for them to adopt a new path. The faith of the young people is never so rigid. They can adopt, modify and change their ideas according to the demands of the circumstances. So youth of India should take this responsibility on their shoulders. Another responsibility which Indian youth will have to take is to revive our culture. If we break with our culture no progress is made in the society. The great ideas enshrined in our culture will help us to set the energies of nation in the proper direction. Various social movements which seem to be the basis of progress need the help of the younger generations. the younger generation has vision of the future and is guided by that vision. So â€Å"a nation is built in its educational institutions† through younger generations. India is wedded to the policy of industrial development, but no industry can make progress till men are properly trained and technologists help in the development of the industries of the country. Only the young generation can give appropriate direction. Therefore ,I conclude that all these steps would lead to nothing if the educated youth doesn’t come forward and fights for a change in the political system. As a famous Hindi poet had once said, â€Å",those who are mute spectators of injustice are also responsible for it â€Å"Just casting our votes is not enough, we must be a part of politics in india†

Writing and Pronunciation

Writing and Pronunciation Writing and Pronunciation Writing and Pronunciation By Maeve Maddox I sometimes hesitate to address the subject of pronunciation because I usually get complaints. For example, I received this gentle admonition when I wrote about the novel pronunciation of the word news among radio announcers: Methinks a site about writing tips should steer clear of pronunciation. I have to disagree. Pronunciation has nothing to do with grammar or sentence structure, but it does relate to spelling, and spelling is a significant aspect of writing. For example, not everyone pronounces vehicle and often with the same speech sounds, a fact that doesn’t matter in conversation, but does matter if the speaker spells often as â€Å"offen† or vehicle without the h. English orthography is often ridiculed for oddities like rough and knight, but it is nevertheless based on a sound system represented by the 26 letters of the alphabet and several additional symbols represented by letter combinations. Pronunciation may be a matter of personal preference, but correct spelling rarely offers a choice. It is in everyone’s interest to know what sound is represented by each letter or letter combination, even if the sound is not pronounced. It is more useful in a writer to learn the idiosyncrasies of the system. For example, instead of ridiculing the archaic spelling of knight, an English speaker can choose to learn that in modern English writing, kn is an alternate spelling for the sound /n/, and that igh is an alternate spelling of the long i sound, a â€Å"three-letter i.† Many English words have more than one acceptable pronunciation for the same spelling, but speakers who do not pronounce all the letters in a word still need to learn â€Å"spelling† pronunciations. For example, I used to have trouble spelling the word silhouette, which I pronounce â€Å"sil-uh-wet.† I learned that if I think the â€Å"spelling† pronunciation â€Å"sil-hoo-etty,† I can spell it correctly. If you pronounce the word arctic without the first /k/ sound, you need to think â€Å"ark-tik† when you write it so that you won’t leave out the first c. Each of the following words has at least two pronunciations that are considered acceptable in standard English. I’ll leave it to you to listen to the options at one of the online dictionaries with audio buttons. arctic February calm palm salmon clothes forehead comptroller victuals waistcoat medicine ski Contrary to what one college textbook irresponsibly suggests, spelling mastery does not require that you be â€Å"gifted with a marvellous visual memory.† It does, however, require attention to pronunciation, and a willingness to discard the myth that English spelling is hopelessly chaotic. If you want to see some really opinionated thoughts on pronunciation, check out Charles Harrington Elster’s The Big Book of Beastly Mispronunciations. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:4 Types of Gerunds and Gerund PhrasesHow to Pronounce Mobile10 Terms for the Common People

The eNotes Blog After the Dash Ten LiteraryEpitaphs

After the Dash Ten LiteraryEpitaphs Its Halloween!   In honor of the creepiest of holidays, why not contemplate your own mortality? GOOD TIMES! Here are ten well-written or interesting conceived final goodbyes from folks (or folks who knew them) who have shuffled off this mortal coil. 1.   William Shakespeare (1564-1616) [Gravestone in Holy Trinity Church, Stratford-upon-Avon] GOOD FREND FOR IESVS SAKE FORBEARE TO DIGG THE DVST ENCLOASED HEARE BLESTE BE Y MAN Y SPARES THES STONES AND CVRST BE HE THAT MOVES MY BONES 2.   Edmund Spenser (1510-1596) Here lyes (expecting the second Comminge of our Saviour Christ Jesus) the body of Edmond Spenser, the Prince of Poets in his time; whose divine spirit needs no other witness than the works he left behind him. 3.   The Seven-Year-Old Son of Ben Jonson (16th century) Farewell, thou child of my right hand and joy; My sin was too much hope of thee, lovd boy, Seven years thou wert lent to me and I thee pay Exacted by thy fate on the just day. O, could I lose all father, now. For why Will man lament the state he should envy? To have so soon scapd Worlds and fleshs rage, And, if no other misery, yet age? Rest in soft peace and askd say here doth lie Ben Jonson his best piece of poetrie. For whose sake, henceforth, all his vows be such As what he loves may never live too much. 4.  Ã‚  Dorothy Parker (1893-1967) Excuse my dust. 5.   Mrs. Aphra Behn (1640-89) Here lies a Proof that Wit can never be Defence enough against Mortality. 6.   Alexander Pope (1688-1744) For one who would not be buried in Westminster Abbey: Heroes and Kings! your distance keep; In peace let one poor Poet sleep, Who never flatterd Folks like you: Let Horace blush, and Virgil too. 7.   Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) [translated from Latin] Here lies the body of Jonathan Swift, Professor of Holy Theology, Dean of this cathedral church, where fierce indignation can lacerate his heart no longer. Go, traveller, and, if you can, imitate one who with his utmost strength protected liberty. 8.   Benjamin Franklin (1706-90) The body of B. Franklin, Printer, Like the cover of an old book its contents torn out, and stripped of its lettering and gilding, lies here, food for worms. But the work shall not be wholly lost, for it will, as he believed, appear once more, in a new and more perfect edition, corrected and amended by the Author. 9.   John Keats (1795-1821) This Grave contains all that was Mortal of a YOUNG ENGLISH POET Who on his Death Bed, In the Bitterness of his Heart at the Malicious Power of his enemies, desired these Words to be engraved on his Tomb Stone: Here Lies the One Whose Name Was Writ in Water.    10.   Oscar Wilde (1854-1900) Pere Lachaise Cemetery, Paris [from The Ballad of Reading Gaol.] And alien tears will fill for him Pitys long broken urn, For his mourners will be outcast men, And outcasts always mourn.

It is intended that small claims should be subjected to a process that Essay

It is intended that small claims should be subjected to a process that is easy to use and cheap for litigants. To what extent do - Essay Example This is important, because the small claims court is clogged with cases, according to the Bello (2010). There were 84,000 cases that were heard in the small claims court system in 2008, which most commonly include consumer compensation cases for faulty services, faulty goods and personal injury; cases for wages owed; and debt recovery for corporate creditors (Bello, 2010). The purpose of the small claims court, according to Bello (2010) is that they are informal courts – litigants can represent themselves, because the focus is on a process that is easily understandable to everybody. Evolution of the Small Claims Courts The evolution of the small claims court procedures have evolved. In 1973, according to the Bello (2010), the upper limit for the small claims court was only ?75. Obviously, the amount has grown substantially by then, and is going to grow even more. More importantly, the process has been streamlined by the changes in the Civil Procedure Rules which stated that, i n 1998, that there would be one set of rules for the civil claims in the high court and the county court, and that there would be special provisions made for small claims. ... This TCE Act, according to the HM Court and Tribunals Service, instituted a way of handling reviews and appeals. There is an Upper Tribunal, which decides appeals from the First-tier Tribunal. Each of these tribunals are also split into Chambers, each of which have their own rules and procedures. What this has done, according to the HM Courts and Tribunals Service, is provided a single mechanism by which a litigant may appeal the tribunal's decision. The Upper Tribunal's decision is not final, however, as it may also be appealed to the Court of Appeal (HM Court and Tribunal's Service). Mediation Probably the most important method that is being used to streamline the process of small claims, is the process of mediation. This has made the process cheaper and easier to use, at least in theory. Tagg (2010) explains that mediation in the English and Welsh courts began around 20 years ago with commercial disputes, and around 10 years ago for small claims issues. The rules of mediation are governed by Civil Justice Reforms implemented in 1999, and codified in the Civil Procedure Rules. In the small claims court system, according to Tagg (2010), there were reforms put into place in 2005/2006, in which the Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) was made free to users. This is because the low amount of the claims would make paying for mediation not cost-effective. The small claims mediation service, which was implemented in the Manchester County Court after the reforms, was the most effective, and resulted in the greatest satisfaction and settlements. So, this was rolled out across England and Wales, and has since become well-established. This is a voluntary service (Tagg, 2010). The mediation process has some aspects in common, according to Reid (2007). Reid

Videocy findings memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Videocy findings memo - Essay Example The aforementioned can be achieved through the implementation of the following advice: The article historically contextualizes multimedia information delivery technologies. In so doing, it normalizes it. As you overview the evolution of the printing press, the rise of multimedia information channels, such as the television, and move onto interactive multimedia technologies, you normalize this media and present its evolution as a process of natural progression. This certainly allows readers to understand that the phenomenon in question is an evolution of already existing media and communication technologies, not a revolution against them. Nevertheless, the stated approach detracts from the uniqueness of multimedia as an information communication channel. It is essential that you fully acknowledge the uniqueness of this technological development. In so doing you will be expressing a sympathetic understanding of the position held by its opponents. The simple fact of the matter is that many fear multimedia technology and believe that its integration into the classroom and teaching environment will have a detrimental impact upon intellectual and cognitive development (Alliance for Childhood, n.d.). Indeed, as argued in an Alliance for Childhood article entitled `Fool’s gold,’ (n.d.), â€Å"Interactive multimedia leaves very little to the imagination †¦ multimedia narrative includes such specific representations that less and less is left to the minds eye.† This above-stated viewpoint, which as Jonnavithula and Kinshuk (2005) explain, is held by many, should have been acknowledged in the body of the article. Acknowledgement should have taken the form of an explicit concession to the uniqueness of the phenomenon in question. By conceding to uniqueness, you would have been expressing an understanding of the objections sounded against multimedia as a teaching tool. This would have

Health disparities Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Health disparities - Research Paper Example ANs had a shorter life expectancy than the general population and constantly suffered from increased prevalence of disease such as rheumatic fever and tuberculosis (US Public Health Service 17). This paper will examine health disparities among AI/ANs, discussing the degree to which current health care system are meeting the health needs of this underserved population. Following advances in public health and medical care systems over the last half century, the AI/AN population has also transitioned with the rest of the population from a period of pandemics primarily of infectious diseases to one of degenerative, as well as lifestyle diseases. This progression has enhanced the recognition of health disparities encountered by the AI/AN communities from conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, drug abuse and cancer, which are essentially noninfectious. While epidemiological information regarding the AI/AN population is largely incomplete or prone to inaccuracies chiefly due to racial misclassification in official records, a vast majority of the comparisons with non-Native populations are extremely dramatic. For example, among AI/AN adults who utilized Indian Health Service (IHS) facilities in 2002, the age-adjusted incidence of diabetes was approximately 15.3%. This is significantly greater than the 7.3% incidence among all American adul ts (Kunitz 163). The rate of heart disease has traditionally been lower among Native Americans than among the white population. However, this trend is rapidly reversing since heart disease is currently the leading cause of death among the AI/AN population. In addition, deaths from violence and unintentional injuries are a substantive problem among native communities. Between 1996 and 1998, the age-adjusted death prevalence among AI/ANs across the US was nearly twice that of the population of other races in the US. The death rate for unintentional injuries, on the other hand, was at least thrice that of the rest of the US

Affirmative Action Essay Example for Free

Affirmative Action Essay Martin Luther King, Jr. once said, â€Å"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.† This statement will always ring true especially on the subject of equal opportunity when it comes to employment and education here in the United States. It’s no secret that equality has been something America has always lacked, but at the same time has always been something America stood for. In fact it can be easily inferred that equality among all men has been something America has stride for since it gained independence from the British in 1776. Our founding fathers were the first to have this initial thought, that being best portrayed in the declaration of independence, which state’s We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.(qtd. In declaration of independence) To me this means our founding fathers believed that every man from birth has the god given right to a life of liberty and the pursuit of happiness, but somewhere during Americas journey as a country it forgot it’s true creed and became it’s own tyrant preventing people from reaching their full potential while also denying it’s own citizens liberty and a pursuit to happiness. And although achieving equality in this country has been nothing short of easy with countless set backs and hypocritical ideas, equality among all its citizens is still something America does strides for, and nothing brings you direct equality quit like Affirmative Action does. If you consider affirmative action for its intentional purposes than Affirmative Action is very just, its purpose being to equalize the education and economic gap between minorities and causations. Although it is not a perfect method to achieving equality in this country, it is essential to accept it for why it’s been put into place and that it is all part of a process. Of course affirmative action is far from perfect and has a fair deal of problems, like promoting reverse discrimination while backing up negative stereotypes. I researched all of these aspects while pondering the question â€Å"is affirmative action still needed in today’s society?† In this paper I will be explaining what affirmative action is. The History behind affirmative action like how it all unfolded, who made it, and the history as to why it is in effect now. I will also list some pros and cons of affirmative action, how the United States could better affirmative action for the future and f inally a conclusion, which is my opinion on the topic. But what exactly is Affrimative action? Born of the civil rights movement three decades ago, affirmative action calls for minorities and women to be given special consideration in employment and education acceptance decisions. Universities with affirmative action policies generally set goals to increase diversity. Affirmative action decisions are generally not supposed to be based on quotas, nor are they supposed to give any preference to unqualified candidates. And by no means is affirmative action supposed to harm anyone through reverse discrimination. The purpose was to create equal opportunity for the people who had been unjustly treated in the past. It was set out to correct this wrong, and make it right. But at the same time too often is Affrimative action is looked upon as a solution for a nation once ill with, but now cured of, the evil disease of racial discrimination. Some would say Affirmative action is, and should be seen as, a temporary, partial, and perhaps even flawed cure for past and continuing discrimination. But all in all affirmative action is defined as â€Å"The positive steps taken to increase the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, and business from which they have been historically excluded. When those steps involve preferential selection—selection on the basis of race, gender, or ethnicity† (Fullinwider) Of course affirmative action has a very deep history to it, and to why it was put into place. Now that you understand the purpose for which it was made, le t me explain who made it and why affirmative action was created. The history of Affirmative action, the first step in affirmative action was the creation of it. President John F. Kennedy first introduced it in 1961. The following is in sections to show the timeline of affirmative action in the begging stages of its creation: * March 6, 1961 Executive Order 10925 makes the first reference to affirmative action (Timeline) President John F. Kennedy issues Executive Order 10925, which creates the Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and mandates that projects financed with federal funds take affirmative action to ensure that hiring and employment practices are free of racial bias. * July 2, 1964 Civil Rights Act signed by President Lyndon Johnson The most sweeping civil rights legislation since Reconstruction, the Civil Rights Act prohibits discrimination of all kinds based on race, color, religion, or national origin. (Timeline) * June 4, 1965 Speech defining concept of affirmative action In an eloquent speech to the graduating class at Howard University, President Johnson frames the concept underlying affirmative action, asserting that civil rights laws alone are not enough to remedy discrimination: You do not wipe away the scars of centuries by saying: now, you are free to go where you want, do as you desire, and choose the leaders you please. You do not take a man who for years has been hobbled by chains, liberate him, bring him to the starting line of a race, saying, you are free to compete with all the others, and still justly believe you have been completely fair . . . This is the next and more profound stage of the battle for civil rights. We seek not just freedom but opportunity—not just legal equity but human ability—not just equality as a right and a theory, but equality as a fact and as a result. (Timeline) * Sept. 24,1965 Executive Order 11246 enforces affirmative action for the first time (Timeline) Issued by President Johnson, the executive order requires government contractors to take affirmative action toward prospective minority employees in all aspects of hiring and employment. The rest of the affirmative actions timeline from here on out is mainly just Supreme Court cases, which can help define what exactly it can do and what exactly it can’t do. * In the 1978 Supreme Court case University of California vs. Bakke, a white male named Allan Bakke claimed reverse discrimination because he was rejected twice from medical school while less-qualified minority students were admitted to fill a quota that required 18 out of every 100 places be filled with minorities. The Supreme Court ruled against inflexible quota systems, but did not outlaw affirmative action as a whole.(Timeline) Most of the lawsuits were against Universities since many universities also adopted affirmative action programs in the 1970s. These programs were aimed at increasing black enrollment and the number of black faculty. None more notable then Jenifer Gatz law suit again the University of Michigan â€Å"Gratz vs. Bollinger and Grutter vs. Bollinger.† It ruled that affirmative action fulfills a compelling interest in obtaining the educational benefits that flow from a diverse student body. The purpose of affirmative action policy shifted from redressing injustice to promoting values of diversity. But even after all these deciding cases on affirmative action it’s still a heated matter of dispute. After much legislation and many Supreme Court decisions, affirmative action continues to be controversial (Legal History, Ongoing Debates section, para. 1). These controversies lead to questions, which can only be answered by understanding why affirmative action was put into effect in the first place. It is important to remember affirmative action is still a work in progress to achieve something much bigger than any one individual. People tend to forget that and the history to why affirmative action was put into place. It cannot be denied that Americas history is full of mistreatment of minority individuals. Women did not have a chance to vote for nearly a century and half after the birth of the country. African Americans were captured and forced into slavery, Although the Thirteenth Amendment ended institutionalized slavery in the United States in 1865, African Americans were not treated equal to whites in the eyes of the law for nearly another century, they were considered only one third of citizen. So with the two hundred years of slavery coming to an abrupt end a new regime or prejudices was to come into effect. Of course even after the end of slavery African Americans were consistently denied employment, housing, and education. In the south discrimination was a daily routine supported by â€Å"Jim Crow laws.†(Affirmative action) Unjust social statues and norms were passed in the 1800s that establish separate, inferior, public facilities, schools, waiting rooms, railways cars, and restrooms for African Americans through out the country. This has caused a domino effect on our society that still seen today. Those outrageous social norms were practiced in America until late in the civil rights movement when president JFK finally acknowledged the struggle for equality and the idea of Affirmative Action was born. After President Kennedy’s assignation, President Lyndon B. Johnson passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964. It banned discrimination on the basis of race, national origin, and sex in the areas of employment, public facilities, and government programs. The idea of equality in America, that every man is created equally was slowly and surly becoming more realistic, due largely to Martin Luther Kings efforts. Here are Dr. King’s own words on the idea of Affirmative action from his 1963 book â€Å"why cant we wait† King states: â€Å"Among the many vital jobs to be done, the nation must not only radically readjust its attitude toward the Negro in the compelling present, but must incorporate in its planning some compensatory consideration for the handicaps he has inherited from the past. It is impossible to create a formula for the future which does not take into account that our society has been doing something special against the Negro for hundreds of years. How then can he be absorbed into the mainstream of American life if we do not do something special for him now, in order to balance the equation and equip him to compete on a just and equal basis?† – Martin Luther King J.R (Wise) In his 1967 book, Where Do We Go From Here: Chaos or Community? King argued: A society that has done something special against the Negro for hundreds of years must now do something special for him, to equip him to compete on a just and equal basis.(wise) Continuing: â€Å"†¦for Two centuries the Negro was enslaved and robbed of any wages: potential accrued wealth which would have been the legacy of his descendants. All of Americas wealth could not adequately compensate its Negroes for his centuries of exploitation and humiliation. It is an economic fact that a program such as I propose would certainly cost far less than any computation of two centuries of unpaid wages plus accumulated interest. In any case, I do not intend that this program of economic aid should apply only to the Negro: it should benefit the disadvantaged of all races.†- Martin Luther King J.R (Wise) It is clear that these are some of the reasons why Martin Luther King J.R and others thought affirmative action should be and eventually was put into effect. A large part as to why affirmative action is in effect is so Compensation can be made to those who are at a disadvantage due to past racial biases and predjedism. You should now have a better idea as to what exactly affirmative action is, what it’s intentions are, the history behind who made it and the deeper history as to why it is still in effect and why it was originally put into effect. Affirmative action is however a major controversy in the United States, ever since it’s beginning, the concept of affirmative action raised difficult questions. â€Å"Many civil rights activists see affirmative action as a necessary step in achieving equality for groups that had faced discrimination in the past. However, critics of affirmative action argued that individuals should be treated on their own merits without regard to color, national origin, or sex.†(Affirmative Action) The Benefits of Affirmative Action â€Å"The one benefit of affirmative action is to correct past discriminations such as the mistreatment of women and slavery. This remedial justification of affirmative action recognizes that wrongs have been committed in the past and acknowledges a moral obligation to set things right† (Affirmative Action Pros and Cons, The Origins Of, Legal Treatment Of, Political and Social Debates, The Future, Pros and Cons section, para. 1). It is important for injustices to be redressed. â€Å"Slavery and institutionalized racism have not been redressed yet in America and around the world. In order for justice to be served, it is necessary for the main losers of racism in America (African Americans) to be compensated for their loses through affirmative action.† (Affirmative Action) And affirmative action does just that, not in the sense of giving physical money, but through opportunities in education and in life. The following are the benefits affirmative action provides: Affirmative action has provided many opportunities for students from diverse backgrounds and income levels who ordinarily would not be considered for admission to colleges and universities. This means that the pool of talent coming out of the higher education system is larger and better able to contribute as productive members of the workforce. Affirmative action has had a profound effect on employment hiring and promoting practices. Historically, â€Å"close to 90% of all jobs are filled without being advertised, with the majority of positions going to friends, relatives, or acquaintances of company employees.†(Wise) This is often the case with a lot of jobs. Unfortunately it can boil down to whom one knows not what they know. The result of this practice is that employers often end up with employees who are not the best person for the job if it were properly advertised. Affirmative action has encouraged many companies to engage in employment practices that set minimum standards of job definition, recruiting, outreach, and evaluation that result in choosing the right person for the job. Finding the right person for the job or the promotion is critical in letting business efficiently utilize the workforce and allow each person to reach his or her full potential. Diversity in itself is desirable, it has been since the birth of this country, but it won’t always occur if left to chance. But when affirmative action is working like its initial purpose was intended too miraculous things can happen, and there are good facts to back that up. â€Å"Between 1981 and 2001, the total number of degrees awarded to Native Americans rose by 151.9% because of affirmative action policies.† (Patterns) Also, from â€Å"1982 to 1995, there has been an increase in the percent of black managers from 5 to 7 percent. Hispanics have shown a 3 percent increase from 5 percent in 1982.†(Patterns) Affirmative Action has been successful in providing minorities with opportunities. â€Å"At the same time a recent study has shown a person with a white sounding name has a 50% more change of getting a call back from a interview than those with black sounding name even when qualifications are indistinguishable.† (Tim Wise) Again equality is desirable but it won’t always occur if left to chance. â€Å"Eliminating affirmative action can lead to the re-segregation of higher education. When affirmative action was outlawed at the University of Texas in 1995, the number of black students at the UT Law School dropped from 65 in 1996 to 11 in 1997 and Latino student enrollments have been cut in half since the decision.† (Patterns) this isn’t necessarily a pro, but interesting enough. With affirmative action being banned in Texas the number of white students also dramatically increased while the number of Asians skyrocketed. I guess the best-qualified applicants where accepted. Here is a statistics that shows why affirmative action is still needed. For â€Å"every dollar earned by men, women earn 74 cents, African American women earn 63 cents and Latina women earn 57 cents.† (Patterns) This unjust statistics will continue with out the help of something like affirmative action. It is the reality inequalities like this that suggest maybe affirmative action should be left alone till equality is fully reached or a better solution is thought of.

Johnny Tremain :: essays research papers

Setting   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Boston Massachusetts around (1773 to 1775). Revolutionary War era.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Characters   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Johnny Lyte Tremain Young boy who’s mother died when he was young, apprenticed to a silversmith named Mr. Lapham. Main character in the book.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mr. Lapham A silversmith that Johnny is apprenticing. He is a good silversmith but he cannot remember his orders very well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mrs. Lapham Johnny’s foster mother. She provides Johnny with room and board while he is shadowing Mr. Lapham.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cilla Lapham Third daughter out of four in the Lapham family. She is the nicest to Johnny. She is constantly taking care of her younger sister Isannah.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Isannah Lapham Fourth daughter in the Lapham family. She was the rudest to Johnny. Cilla had to take care of her because she was so small and sickly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rab Johnny’s closest friend. A couple of years older than Johnny, he worked for the Boston Observer printing newspapers. Rab helps Johnny throughout the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dusty & Dove Boys who were also apprenticed out to Mr. Lapham. Johnny was better at everything. The two boys got stuck with the worst jobs and did not like Johnny for being so good as a silversmith. Dove was mean to Johnny because Johnny was so bossy toward the both of them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paul Revere A local Boston silversmith known for his great work. He was kind and generous. He was a member of the secretive â€Å"Observers† club at the Boston Observer. He is a Whig.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John & Samuel Adams Local Whigs, highly recognized men in Boston. They are also part of the â€Å"Observers† club.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Merchant Jonathan Lyte A very prosperous merchant who is kin to Johnny. He is very dishonest and steals from Johnny. He wants nothing to do with Johnny.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lavinia Lyte Merchant Lyte’s daughter. She is very beautiful and men like her a lot. Johnny likes her. She is sort of rude to Johnny in the beginning but in the end, she becomes very nice to him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Hancock Another well respected man in Boston. He is a local Whig and is also a member of the â€Å"Observers† Club.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mr. Lorne Johnny’s new master after his hand was severely injured at the Lapham’s silvershop. He is very kind and allows Johnny to deliver papers by horseback. Mr. Lorne is the writer and publisher of the Boston Observer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pumpkin A British Redcoat who befriended Johnny. In the end Johnny tries to help him escape from being a soldier and he is caught and killed for treason.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  General Stranger A British General Who helped Johnny with his horse riding skills. Johnny helps him by taking care of his horses.